Cultural Factors Influencing Attitude of Secondary School Students Towards Social Activities in Oshimili South Local Government Area of Delta State

Cultural Factors Influencing Attitude of Secondary School Students Towards Social Activities in Oshimili South Local Government Area of Delta State

ABSTRACT

This study examined cultural factors influencing attitude of secondary school students towards social activities in Oshimili South Local Government Area of Delta State. Literatures were reviewed under theoretical framework, conceptual framework and empirical related studies. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised 3,319 male and female senior secondary school students in 13 public secondary schools in Oshimili South Local Government Area, Delta State. The sample of the study comprised of 200 senior secondary school students selected through simple random sampling technique to represent the entire population in Oshimili South Local Government Area, Delta State. The instrument used for data collection is a structured questionnaire which was validated by two lecturers; one from School of Secondary Education (Businesses) and the other from Educational Measurement and Evaluation, both in the Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba. The validated questionnaire was subjected to reliability test. Twenty (20) copies of the validated questionnaire was administered on secondary school students in Idemmili South Local Government Area of Anambra State using split-half method. Data collected was analyzed using Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient to ascertain the level of correlation to ascertain the level of the consistency. The researcher was administered 200 copies of the questionnaire to the respondents in the selected schools in Oshimili South Local Government Area, Delta State and 198 were retrieved and analyzed using mean and standard deviation statistics. Findings of the study revealed among others that there are common cultural practices in secondary school students’ households in Oshimili South Local Government Area. It was recommended among others that schools in Oshimili South Local Government Area should integrate culturally relevant activities into their curriculum to ensure inclusivity and reflect the cultural practices common in students’ households.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background to the study

Education is a comprehensive process that encompasses not only academic learning but also the development of social, emotional, and interpersonal skills. Social activities play a vital role in this process by providing students with opportunities to engage in collaborative experiences, develop leadership abilities, and build a sense of community.

Social activities refer to organized events or interactions where individuals or groups come together for leisure, networking, or achieving specific goals. According to Adeyemi (2020), these activities promote social cohesion, cultural exchange, and emotional well-being by enabling people to connect and share experiences. In educational settings, social activities enhance teamwork and communication skills among students, fostering an inclusive learning environment. These activities are essential for building community relationships and promoting societal harmony. Social activities are human engagements aimed at fostering interpersonal connections, cultural appreciation, and mutual understanding. Okonkwo (2019) asserts that these activities vary from recreational events to community service initiatives, promoting inclusiveness and collective growth. By participating in such activities, individuals can develop empathy and understanding, essential for societal progress. They also offer a platform for addressing social challenges, thus contributing to sustainable development. Social activities encompass events and programs designed to strengthen bonds among individuals, enhance collective well-being, and build networks. Nwosu (2021) emphasizes that these activities include sports, cultural festivals, and communal gatherings, which foster unity and peace within communities. They also play a significant role in skill acquisition and knowledge sharing, especially among youth. Beyond entertainment, social activities are crucial in addressing social vices and creating awareness about societal issues.

Additionally, Social activities are deliberate efforts or engagements that promote interactions and foster relationships among individuals within a community. According to Adebayo (2022), such activities include educational seminars, recreational events, and advocacy programs that encourage active participation and collaboration. They serve as tools for breaking barriers of communication, ensuring inclusiveness in diverse settings. Social activities contribute significantly to personal and communal growth by improving emotional intelligence and strengthening community ties. Social activities are interactions or engagements that facilitate communal bonding and individual development. Chukwuma (2023) describes them as platforms for people to connect, exchange ideas, and contribute to the betterment of their society. These activities often involve cultural, recreational, or educational components that bring people together. They not only provide opportunities for relaxation but also enable communities to tackle social and developmental issues collaboratively.

Cultural factors on the other hand, are the beliefs, values, norms, and practices that influence an individual’s behavior and social interactions within a specific cultural context. According to Okafor (2020), these factors shape the way people perceive the world, interact with others, and make decisions. They include language, religion, traditions, and societal roles, which vary across communities and influence societal development. Cultural factors are essential in understanding human behavior as they provide the foundation for identity and community cohesion. Cultural factors are elements rooted in a community’s traditions and values that influence its members’ social, economic, and political lives. Adebayo (2019) explains that these factors include social norms, moral codes, and customs that regulate behavior and guide decision-making processes. They also impact educational practices, governance, and even economic activities, shaping the society’s overall structure. Understanding cultural factors is crucial for promoting mutual respect and inclusivity in a diverse society. Cultural factors refer to the shared attitudes, values, and practices passed down through generations that shape the identity and interactions of a community. Nwankwo (2021) highlights that these factors determine how people approach issues such as education, marriage, health, and conflict resolution. They are integral to societal functioning, as they dictate acceptable behavior and influence relationships between individuals and groups. By acknowledging cultural factors, policymakers and educators can design strategies that align with community needs and traditions. Cultural factors are the intrinsic and extrinsic elements of a society that define its identity and influence the behavior of its members. According to Eze (2022), these factors include traditional beliefs, family structures, and artistic expressions, all of which contribute to a society’s uniqueness. They play a significant role in shaping social norms and economic practices, thereby influencing development patterns. Recognizing and respecting cultural factors can enhance effective communication and collaboration in multicultural settings. Cultural factors are the underlying components of a community’s way of life, influencing the attitudes and behaviors of individuals within that society. Chukwuemeka (2023) asserts that these factors include religion, language, social hierarchies, and customary laws, all of which dictate how people interact and resolve conflicts. They also serve as a foundation for creativity, innovation, and cultural preservation in a rapidly changing world. Understanding these factors is vital for fostering cultural appreciation and addressing societal challenges effectively.

Attitude refers to an individual’s consistent thoughts, feelings, and behavioral tendencies towards people, objects, or situations. According to Nwafor (2020), attitudes are shaped by personal experiences, social influences, and cultural factors, often determining how individuals respond to various circumstances. They can be positive or negative and significantly influence decision-making and interpersonal relationships. Attitude is a psychological construct that reflects a person’s predisposition to evaluate and react to stimuli in a particular manner. Adebayo (2019) explains that it comprises cognitive, affective, and behavioral components, each influencing how an individual perceives and interacts with their environment. These tendencies are shaped by upbringing, education, and peer influences, contributing to the formation of social and professional relationships. Attitudes are critical in shaping behavior, making them a focus in studies on human motivation and societal change. Attitude describes the mental and emotional orientation an individual exhibit towards an idea, object, or person. Eze (2021) asserts that attitudes result from personal beliefs, cultural norms, and life experiences, and they influence how individuals engage with their surroundings. Positive attitudes foster collaboration and progress, while negative ones may hinder personal and communal development. Attitude encompasses the perceptions and emotions that guide an individual’s actions and reactions in various situations. Okonkwo (2022) highlights that attitudes are influenced by societal norms, individual values, and environmental factors, often acting as a determinant of behavior. They are not static and can change with exposure to new information or experiences, making them essential in the study of human behavior. Attitudes impact personal growth, relationships, and overall societal harmony, emphasizing their significance in daily interactions. Attitude is a learned predisposition to think, feel, or behave in specific ways towards certain objects, people, or situations. Chukwu (2023) describes attitudes as multifaceted constructs shaped by education, cultural background, and social interactions. These predispositions influence how individuals approach challenges, opportunities, and relationships within their environment. Recognizing and modifying attitudes is crucial for fostering personal development and achieving societal goals, especially in diverse cultural contexts.

In a typical Nigerian community, there are several cultural practices that the children tend to abide with even in their educational institutional which influences their learning experiences and participation on social activities. Among the several factors are family life, traditional norms and cultural identity. Family life refers to the collective experiences and interactions that occur within a household, involving relationships, routines, and responsibilities among family members. According to Iwuala (2020), it is shaped by both individual and collective values that govern the behavior and practices within the family. These practices include socializing children, managing resources, and maintaining emotional bonds. Family life plays a critical role in shaping the emotional well-being of its members, as it provides both support and structure. Family life is the set of interactions, relationships, and roles that define the functioning of a family unit. Nwachukwu (2021) argues that family life is characterized by shared responsibilities such as caregiving, education, and emotional support, which are influenced by cultural, economic, and societal factors. This dynamic environment fosters growth, socialization, and identity formation, making it essential for the development of individuals. The values passed down through family life help form the foundation for societal norms and individual behaviors. Family life refers to the daily routines, roles, and relationships within a family that influence the overall well-being of its members. According to Onwuegbuna (2022), it encompasses a variety of activities, such as caregiving, resource distribution, and emotional support, which vary based on cultural, economic, and social contexts. The structure of family life can significantly impact the development of children, as it affects their socialization, education, and sense of security. A healthy family life nurtures both personal growth and collective stability. Family life is a broad concept that encompasses the practices, values, and relationships that characterize the interactions between family members. Olayemi (2023) explains that it includes the roles each member plays within the household, such as the caregiver, provider, or nurturer, which contribute to the family’s well-being. The structure of family life, whether nuclear, extended, or single-parent, influences how individuals are socialized and prepared for societal participation. It also plays a significant role in emotional support, problem-solving, and conflict resolution within the family. Family life involves the intricate web of relationships, routines, and values shared among family members that influence their development and societal integration. Nnaji (2022) asserts that family life is essential for providing emotional support, stability, and a foundation for individual identity. The interaction between family members influences behaviors, attitudes, and future aspirations, making family life a pivotal factor in personal and social development. Additionally, family dynamics, including communication patterns and role distributions, shape the overall functioning of the unit.

Traditional norms refer to the established customs, beliefs, and practices that are handed down from generation to generation within a particular community or society. According to Uche (2021), these norms dictate acceptable behavior and social roles, shaping individuals’ actions and interactions within their culture. They are often deeply rooted in the historical and cultural context of a society, influencing everything from family dynamics to social structures. Traditional norms are the practices, customs, and rules that have been accepted and perpetuated within a society over time. Akinmoladun (2022) explains that these norms are often based on religion, history, and shared experiences, and they provide a sense of continuity and identity within a community. They govern various aspects of life, such as marriage, rites of passage, and social behavior, and can serve as a moral compass for individuals. Despite their role in preserving cultural heritage, traditional norms may evolve or face challenges due to globalization and changing societal values. Traditional norms are the unwritten rules and expectations that guide behavior and interactions within a community. According to Ojukwu (2020), these norms are shaped by cultural heritage and societal values, with each community having its own set of customs that dictate what is considered proper or improper. They regulate everything from personal conduct to collective rituals, ensuring that cultural practices and societal roles are preserved. Traditional norms are cultural standards and practices that govern the behavior of individuals within a society. Okeke (2023) defines these norms as the foundation upon which social roles, family structures, and community relationships are built. They are typically reinforced through cultural institutions such as family, religion, and community gatherings. Traditional norms are the values, beliefs, and practices that are passed down through generations and dictate the way individuals within a society behave. According to Ajayi (2021), these norms shape not only social interactions but also how individuals view authority, gender roles, and community responsibilities. They provide structure and continuity, but can also become restrictive if they resist change or adaptation to modern challenges.

Cultural identity refers to the shared values, beliefs, customs, and traditions that define a group of people and shape their sense of belonging. According to Okoroafor (2021), cultural identity is deeply rooted in language, religion, art, and historical experiences that distinguish one group from another. It provides individuals with a framework for self-expression and a connection to their heritage. Cultural identity is vital for preserving diversity, fostering community pride, and guiding interactions within and outside the cultural group. Cultural identity is the sense of belonging and self-awareness derived from shared cultural attributes such as language, traditions, and norms. Ibe (2020) describes it as a dynamic construct influenced by both historical and contemporary practices, shaping how individuals perceive themselves within their community and the broader society. It acts as a foundation for personal and collective identity, offering stability amidst changing global trends. Cultural identity also plays a significant role in promoting unity and understanding within diverse societies. Cultural identity encompasses the unique characteristics, values, and practices that individuals inherit from their cultural heritage, which influence their worldview and social behavior. Nwankwo (2022) asserts that cultural identity provides a sense of pride and connection to a group’s history, often reflected through language, dress, and rituals. It evolves over time as individuals interact with other cultures, but its core elements remain significant in shaping identity. Cultural identity helps preserve traditions while enabling individuals to navigate a multicultural world. Cultural identity is the collective representation of shared values, beliefs, and customs that define a group and distinguish it from others. According to Adebayo (2021), it is expressed through language, religion, art, and social practices, creating a unique sense of belonging for individuals within the group. Cultural identity strengthens emotional ties to one’s heritage while fostering respect for diversity. It also serves as a guide for maintaining cultural continuity and adapting to societal changes. Cultural identity refers to the distinctive attributes and traditions that connect individuals to a particular cultural group, shaping their sense of self and belonging. Olayemi (2022) emphasizes that cultural identity is expressed through shared history, language, and practices, which provide individuals with a framework for understanding their place in the world. It influences interactions both within and outside the cultural group, promoting solidarity and respect for differences. By preserving cultural identity, societies can maintain their heritage while embracing global diversity.

There no doubt cultural practices have a role to play in students’ participation in social activities. Hence the need to examine cultural factors influencing attitude of secondary school students towards social activities. in Oshimili South Local Government Area of Delta State.

• Statement of the problem

Cultural factors significantly shape the attitudes and behaviors of individuals, including secondary school students, toward social activities. In Oshimili South Local Government Area of Delta State, the interplay of cultural norms, traditions, and values has profound implications on how students perceive and engage in social activities. Factors such as community expectations, family influence, religious beliefs, and traditional practices often dictate the level of participation and type of social activities students find acceptable.

For instance, in some families, traditional norms emphasize academic excellence over social engagement, leading to a restrictive attitude toward extracurricular participation. Conversely, other cultural settings may prioritize communal events, fostering active involvement in social activities. However, the conflicting pressures from evolving modern lifestyles and entrenched cultural values can create a dilemma for students, affecting their overall social development.

Social activities play a vital role in this process by providing students with opportunities to engage in collaborative experiences, develop leadership abilities, and build a sense of community. These activities, including sports, cultural events, and extracurricular clubs, are essential for fostering well-rounded individuals who can thrive in diverse social settings. However, students’ attitudes toward participating in social activities are often shaped by cultural factors such as family expectations, societal norms, religious beliefs, and traditional practices. These cultural dynamics influence how students perceive the importance and relevance of social activities in their lives. In some contexts, traditional values that prioritize academic achievements may lead to a diminished emphasis on social engagements, while in others, cultural expectations may actively encourage participation in communal or extracurricular activities.

It against this backdrop that this study is carried out to examine cultural factors influencing attitude of secondary school students towards social activities. in Oshimili South Local Government Area of Delta State.

1.3  Purpose of the study

This study is focused on examining the cultural factors influencing attitude of secondary school students towards social activities in Oshimili South Local Government Area of Delta State. Specifically, the study seeks to:

1. identify the common cultural in secondary school students’ attitudes households in Oshimili South Local Government Area.
2. examine the influence of family background on students’ participation in social activities in Oshimili South Local Government Area.
3. investigate the influence of traditional norms on students’ perceptions of social activities in Oshimili South Local Government Area.
4. determine the influence of cultural identity on students’ motivation to engage in social activities in Oshimili South Local Government Area.
   • Research questions

The following research questions guided the study:

1. What are the common cultural practices amongst secondary school students’ households in Oshimili South Local Government Area?
2. How does family life influence secondary school students’ participation in social activities in Oshimili South Local Government Area?
3. How do traditional norms influence students’ attitudes towards social activities in Oshimili South Local Government Area?
4. How does cultural identity influence secondary school students’ motivation to engage in social activities in Oshimili South Local Government Area?

1.5 Significance of the study

The study could be of great benefit to students, teachers, school management, parents, community, future researchers.

For students, the study could help them gain insights into how their cultural backgrounds shape their perspectives and behaviors, enabling them to make informed choices about participating in beneficial social activities. This knowledge promotes inclusivity, cultural sensitivity, and the ability to navigate diverse social settings effectively. It also helps students appreciate cultural diversity and understand the role of social activities in fostering teamwork, leadership, and interpersonal skills, which are essential for academic and life success.

For teacher, the study equips them with a deeper understanding of how cultural factors shape students’ attitudes towards social activities. This awareness could enable educators to design inclusive and culturally responsive activities that encourage participation from all students, regardless of their backgrounds. Teachers could use the findings to foster a positive classroom environment where cultural differences are respected and celebrated, leading to improved teacher-student relationships and enhanced student engagement. Furthermore, it aids teachers in identifying cultural barriers to participation, allowing them to develop strategies that support students in balancing academics and social growth.

For school management, the study provides valuable insights into the role of cultural factors in shaping students’ social behaviors and attitudes. These findings could guide the development of policies and programs that align with the cultural values of the student body, ensuring that social activities are inclusive and beneficial. Management could leverage this knowledge to create a supportive school culture that values diversity and promotes student engagement in extracurricular activities. Additionally, the study helps in identifying and mitigating potential cultural conflicts, thereby fostering a harmonious and productive school environment.

For parents, the study highlights the impact of cultural upbringing on students’ attitudes towards social activities, providing parents with a framework to support their children in this regard. It empowers parents to reflect on how their cultural values and practices influence their children’s participation in social activities and encourages them to provide a balanced perspective. Parents could play an active role in encouraging their children to engage in positive social activities that enhance their academic, emotional, and social development while still maintaining cultural integrity.

For the community, this study could shed light on the interplay between culture and youth participation in social activities, fostering a collective effort to address cultural barriers. Communities could use the findings to promote cultural values that encourage inclusivity, collaboration, and positive social engagement among young people. Such efforts contribute to the development of responsible and culturally sensitive citizens. Additionally, the study provides a platform for community leaders to address cultural stereotypes and biases, thereby enhancing unity and social cohesion.

For future researchers, the study serves as a foundational reference for future researchers exploring similar or related topics. It provides empirical data on cultural factors influencing students’ attitudes, offering insights into methodologies, theoretical frameworks, and practical applications. Researchers could build upon this work to investigate other dimensions of culture and its impact on education and social behavior. Furthermore, the study opens avenues for comparative research across different regions, enabling a broader understanding of cultural dynamics and their implications for educational and social policies.

1.6 Scope / Delimitation of the study

This study examined the cultural factors influencing attitude of secondary school students towards social activities. The study is delimited to public secondary schools in Oshimili South Local Government Area of Delta State with particular emphasis on common cultural practices, family background, traditional norms and community expectations and cultural identity. Respondents of the study are senior secondary school students in Oshimili South Local Government Area of Delta State.

• Area of the study

The study is being carried out in secondary schools in Oshimili South Local Government Area of Delta State. Oshimili South Local Government Area is one of the twenty-five Local Government Areas making up Delta state. It is situated in the Niger Delta Region/the South-South geo-political zone of Nigeria. It was part of the Asaba Division of the Southern Protectorate in colonial Nigeria and later a part of the Western Region following the delineation of the country into three Regions through the Richard’s Constitution of 1946. It later became part of the Mid-Western Region in 1963, and Mid-Western State in 1967. It became part of Bendel State and was carved out of the old Asaba Division in 1976 as part of Oshimili Local Government. It became Oshimili South Local Government in 1996 after the creation of Delta State from the defunct Bendel State in 1991.Oshimili South Local Government Area is a home of people of different walks of life such as civil servants, business men and women, and famers. The high presence of public secondary school students makes the Local Government Area a suitable area of this study

1.8 Definition of Terms

Cultural Factors: Cultural factors refer to the shared values, beliefs, norms, traditions, and practices that influence the behavior and decisions of individuals or groups within a society. These factors shape perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors, often affecting how people interact, learn, and solve problems. Cultural factors vary widely across different societies and are influenced by history, religion, language, and social structures. They play a crucial role in shaping identity and determining social expectations. Understanding cultural factors is essential for addressing issues in diverse environments, including education and community development.

Attitude: Attitude refers to an individual’s predisposition or tendency to respond positively or negatively toward a specific idea, object, person, or situation. It is influenced by personal experiences, beliefs, and emotions and reflects how a person feels, thinks, or intends to act. Attitudes are often categorized as cognitive (thoughts), affective (feelings), and behavioral (actions) components. They play a critical role in shaping an individual’s behavior and can be influenced or changed through education and social interactions. Positive attitudes often promote growth and development, while negative ones can hinder progress.

Secondary School: A secondary school is an educational institution that provides students with formal education typically after primary school and before higher education or vocational training. It serves students in their adolescent years, usually covering grades 7 to 12 or the equivalent, depending on the country. In Nigeria, junior secondary school for three years and senior secondary school for three years The curriculum in secondary school often includes a mix of general education subjects and specialized areas to prepare students for advanced studies or careers. It is a critical phase in the education system, focusing on the intellectual, social, and emotional development of learners. Secondary schools aim to equip students with the knowledge and skills necessary for personal growth and societal contributions.

Social Activities: Social activities are organized or informal events that involve interaction, communication, and participation among individuals or groups. These activities can include recreational, cultural, educational, or community-based events designed to foster relationships and enhance social bonds. Social activities are important for building interpersonal skills, promoting teamwork, and improving mental and emotional well-being. They often provide opportunities for individuals to engage in shared interests and contribute to a sense of belonging. Participation in social activities helps individuals develop a sense of identity and connection within their community.

Pages:  76

Category: Project

Format:  Word & PDF               

Chapters: 1-5                                          

Source: Imsuinfo

Material contains Table of Content, Abstract and References.