Category: Office and Technology Management Education

ABSTRACT

This study examined Business Education students’ perception on the utilization of online platforms for educational assessment in Colleges of Education in Delta State. Four (4) research questions guided the study. A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The Population of the study comprised of five hundred and fifty-three (553) from the three Colleges of Education in Delta State, namely: Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba (187); College of Education, Warri (213) and College of Physical Education, Mosogar (153). One hundred and twenty (120) Business Education Students from the three Colleges of Education in Delta State were selected through simple random sampling technique.  The instrument for data collection is a structured questionnaire, tiled: “Business Education Students’ Perception on the Utilization of Online Platforms for Educational Assessment Questionnaire (BESPUOPEAQ). The instrument was validated by two experts; one in School of Secondary Education (Business) and the other in Educational Measurement and Evaluation, both from Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba, Delta State. The validated questionnaire was subjected to reliability test. One hundred and twenty (120) copies of the validated questionnaire were personally administered on the respondents by hand with the help of two research assistants and 115 were retrieved and analyzed.  The data collected was analyzed using frequency count, mean and standard deviation statistics. Findings of the study revealed that Google forms, Quizizz, Edmodo and Socrative are not effectively utilized for educational assessment in Colleges of Education in Delta State. Some recommendations were made to enhance the utilization of online platforms for educational assessment in Colleges of Education in Delta State.

 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background to the Study

In recent years, the integration of online platforms for educational assessment has gained significant attention in Colleges of Education, particularly in the context of Business Education. With advancements in digital technology and the growing need for flexible learning and evaluation systems, online assessment tools have become essential in facilitating continuous and efficient appraisal of students’ academic progress.

Business Education is characterized as a skill-driven program designed to prepare students for specific careers in office occupations, facilitate job creation and entrepreneurship, and provide knowledge about business operations, including digital competencies (Edokpolor & Egbri, 2017). The programme emphases more on practical skill acquisition, aligning educational outcomes with the demands of the modern workforce. Business education curriculum ensures that graduates are equipped to navigate the evolving technological landscape of contemporary business environments.  Iwu (2016), views Business Education as a discipline that imparts learners with the necessary occupational skills and knowledge for self-reliance and employment. It plays vital role in fostering economic independence among graduates, enabling them to either secure gainful employment or initiate entrepreneurial ventures.

Online platforms on the other hand digital infrastructures that enable users to interact, share content, and conduct transactions through internet-enabled devices (Adegoke & Adeoye, 2021). They emphasized that online platforms serve as intermediaries that facilitate connections between different user groups, such as buyers and sellers, or content creators and consumers. This intermediation role transforms traditional modes of business and communication, fostering new economic and social interactions in the digital age. Ogunyemi and Olaleye (2019) describe online platforms as web-based systems designed to host, distribute, and manage content, products, or services accessible remotely by a wide audience. They pointed out that these platforms often incorporate interactive features such as user-generated content, social networking, and e-commerce capabilities, thereby increasing user engagement and participation. Iheanacho and Eze (2020), sees online platforms as virtual spaces or environments that support various online activities including learning, business transactions, and social networking. large volumes of user data to enhance user experience and service delivery.

On the other hand, educational assessment is seen as the systematic process of gathering, interpreting, and using information to measure students’ learning progress and educational outcomes (Eze & Nwankwo, 2018). They emphasized that assessment is essential for identifying learners’ strengths and weaknesses, thus guiding instructional decisions and curriculum improvements. They also note that effective educational assessment promotes accountability and enhances the quality of teaching and learning in Nigerian schools. Adesina and Oladipo (2020) described educational assessment as a range of formal and informal techniques employed to evaluate students’ knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values. According to them, assessment encompasses tests, assignments, observations, and practical tasks, all aimed at providing feedback for learners and educators. They stress that continuous assessment practices are vital in fostering student engagement and improving academic performance. Ikechukwu and Okeke (2019) view educational assessment as a vital educational tool used to determine the extent to which learning objectives have been achieved by students.

Several online platforms are used in facilitating educational assessment. Some of which are Google forms, Quizizz, Edmodo and Socrative. Google forms as an online survey administration software that allows users to create, distribute, and collect responses to questionnaires electronically (Ojo & Oladipo, 2021). Google Forms simplifies data collection for research and educational purposes by automating the process of compiling responses in real time. The authors highlight its ease of use, accessibility, and integration with other Google Workspace tools as key features that make it popular among educators and researchers in Nigeria. Adewale and Ajayi (2020) explain Google Forms as a digital tool that facilitates the creation of interactive questionnaires accessible via the internet, eliminating the need for paper-based surveys. They assert that its real-time response collection and collaborative features enable educators and researchers to gather and analyze data promptly.

Quizizz according to Eze and Okeke (2020) is as an interactive online assessment platform that enables educators to create and administer quizzes in a gamified environment to enhance student engagement. The authors note that Quizizz incorporates real-time feedback and competitive elements such as leaderboards, which motivate learners to participate actively. This platform’s ability to support both synchronous and asynchronous learning makes it a valuable tool in Nigerian classrooms, especially for remote and blended learning. Afolayan and Olusanya (2021) describe Quizizz as a cloud-based formative assessment tool that integrates game mechanics to make learning and evaluation enjoyable and effective. According to the authors, Quizizz offers customizable quizzes with multimedia features, instant scoring, and detailed analytics that help teachers monitor student performance and identify learning gaps. They highlight that its user-friendly interface and mobile compatibility contribute to its growing adoption in Nigerian secondary and tertiary education.

Edmodo (2017) in Adejumo and Oladipo (2020) is defined as a secure social learning platform designed to facilitate communication, collaboration, and resource sharing between teachers, students, and parents. The authors highlight that Edmodo integrates social media features with educational tools, making it easier for educators to manage classroom activities and assessments online. Its user-friendly interface and accessibility on multiple devices have made Edmodo a popular tool for enhancing blended and remote learning in Nigerian schools. Chukwu and Ibe (2019) describe Edmodo as an online educational environment that provides a virtual space for learners and educators to interact, share learning materials, and conduct discussions. They emphasize that Edmodo supports formative assessments through quizzes and assignments, with instant feedback mechanisms that help track student progress. The platform’s emphasis on safe and moderated interaction makes it suitable for promoting digital citizenship among Nigerian students. Okoro and Eze (2021) explain Edmodo as a cloud-based learning management system that enables teachers to create classes, distribute educational content, and facilitate peer collaboration.

Socrative is defined an interactive, cloud-based student response system that allows teachers to create real-time quizzes, polls, and exit tickets to assess student understanding during lessons (Eze and Okafor, 2020). Socrative provides immediate feedback, which helps educators adjust instruction promptly to meet learners’ needs. The platform’s ease of use and compatibility with multiple devices make it an effective tool for formative assessment in Nigerian classrooms. Ogunleye and Adebayo (2019) describe Socrative as a digital assessment tool designed to foster active learning by engaging students through gamified quizzes and instant grading. They note that the platform’s user-friendly interface supports diverse educational settings, making it popular among Nigerian secondary and tertiary educators. Ibrahim and Musa (2021) explain Socrative as a technology-enhanced formative assessment platform that supports varied question types such as multiple choice, true/false, and short answer, facilitating diverse assessment needs.

The role one online platforms in facilitating educational assessment cannot be overlooked. Hence the need to examine Business Education students’ perception on the utilization of online platforms for educational assessment in Colleges of Education in Delta State.

Statement of the Problem

            The integration of online platforms for educational assessment has become increasingly prevalent in higher education, especially following the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. In Nigeria, this shift has prompted institutions to adopt various digital tools to facilitate assessments. The effectiveness of these platforms largely depends on students’ perceptions and their adaptability to such technological changes (Okoye and Adedoyin, 2021).

Business Education students, in particular, are expected to be proficient with digital tools, given the nature of their discipline. Yet, there is a mixed reception towards online assessments. Students seem to encounter significant challenges in utilizing these platforms effectively. These challenges include technical difficulties, limited access to reliable internet, and a lack of adequate training on the use of online assessment tools.

Furthermore, broader studies across Nigerian tertiary institutions have highlighted systemic issues such as insufficient ICT infrastructure, inconsistent power supply, and limited digital literacy among both students and educators (Nwankwo and Ugwuoke, 2020). These factors contribute to a reluctance in fully embracing online assessment methods, thereby hindering the potential benefits of digital learning environments.           It against this backdrop that this study is carried out to ascertain Business Education students’ perception on the utilization of online platforms for educational assessment in Colleges of Education in Delta State.

Purpose of the Study

The main purpose of this study is to examine Business Education students’ perception on the utilization of online platforms for educational assessment in Colleges of Education in Delta State. Specifically, the study seeks to:

1. Determine the Business Education students’ perception on the utilization of Google forms for educational assessment in Colleges of Education in Delta State.
2. Determine the Business Education students’ perception on the utilization of Quizizz for educational assessment in Colleges of Education in Delta State.
3. Determine Business Education students’ perception on the utilization of Edmodo for educational assessment in Colleges of Education in Delta State.
4. Determine Business Education students’ perception on the utilization of Socrative for educational assessment in Colleges of Education in Delta State.

Research Questions

The following research questions were raised to guide the study:

1. What is the perception of Business Education students on the utilization of Google forms for educational assessment in Colleges of Education in Delta State?
2. What is the perception of Business Education students on the utilization of Quizizz for educational assessment in Colleges of Education in Delta State?
3. What is the perception of Business Education students on the utilization of Edmodo for educational assessment in Colleges of Education in Delta State?
4. What is the perception of Business Education students on the utilization of Socrative for educational assessment in Colleges of Education in Delta State?

Significance of the Study

This study could be beneficial to Business Education Students, Business Education students, College Management, Policy Makers and Future Researchers.

This study is significant to Business Education students as it highlights the relevance and effectiveness of online platforms in conducting educational assessments. The study provides insights into their level of digital readiness, challenges faced, and preferences for assessment formats. This awareness could help in tailoring assessment strategies that align with their learning needs and enhance their academic engagement.

For Business Education students, the study offers valuable feedback on how their students perceive online assessment platforms, which is critical in evaluating the effectiveness of their teaching and assessment methods. It could help educators identify students’ difficulties with these platforms, thereby enabling them to make informed decisions about incorporating digital tools in teaching and testing.

College management stands to benefit from this study by gaining a clearer understanding of how online assessment tools impact student learning and institutional efficiency. Insights from students’ perceptions could inform administrative decisions on infrastructure development, staff training, and budget allocation for educational technology. Furthermore, the study could guide the management in developing policies that support digital learning environments, ensure academic integrity, and promote equitable access to online resources.

The study provides evidence-based data to policy makers in the education sector for designing and implementing policies that support the integration of digital platforms in academic assessments. It reveals the practical implications of such technologies on teaching and learning outcomes, guiding the development of frameworks that ensure the standardization, accessibility, and quality of online assessments.

Future researchers could find this study valuable as a foundational resource for exploring more complex issues surrounding the use of online platforms for educational purposes. It provides a well-documented baseline on students’ perceptions that could be referenced or expanded upon in future studies. Researchers could build on its findings to explore other variables such as academic performance, digital inequality, or specific online platforms.

Scope of the Study

This study focused on Business Education students’ perception on the utilization of online platforms for educational assessment. The study is delimited to Business Education Students in Colleges of Education in Delta State. Variables of interest are Google forms, Quizizz, Edmodo and Socrative.  The study overs the three Colleges of Education in the state, namely: Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba, College of Education Warri and College of Physical Education Mosogar.

Pages: 64

Category: Project

Format:  Word & PDF               

Chapters: 1-5                                          

Source: Imsuinfo

Material contains Table of Content, Abstract and References.

Perceived Factors Influencing Academic Performance of Business Studies Students in Public Secondary Schools in Asaba Urban

ABSTRACT

The study was carried out to ascertain the perceived factors influencing academic performance of Business studies students in public secondary schools in Asaba Urban. Three (3) research questions in line with the stated specific purposes guided the conduct of the study. A review of related literature was done based on the research questions raised and variables in the study. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised of thirty-one (31) Business Studies teachers in 13 public secondary schools in Asaba, Urban, Delta State.  Due to the manageable size of the population, all the 31 teachers from the 13 secondary schools in Asaba Urban were used for the study. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled “Perceived Factors Influencing Academic Performance of Business Studies Students in Public Secondary Schools in Asaba Urban (PFIAPBSSPSSQ). The instrument was validated by two lecturers; one from School of Secondary Education (Business) and the other in Educational Measurement and Evaluation, all in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba. Permission obtained from the management of the selected secondary schools before the distribution of questionnaire to the respondents. The researcher administered 31 copies of the questionnaire to senior secondary school teachers in Asaba Urban and 30 copies were retrieved by the researcher with the help of 2 trained research assistants. Data collected were analyzed using frequency count and mean statistics. The decision rule was that any item with a mean score of 2.50 and above was regarded high extent whereas any mean score is less than or below 2.50 low extent. Findings of the stud revealed that poor study habit influences the academic performance of business studies students in public secondary schools in Asaba Urban negatively, participation in learning activities influences the academic performance of business studies students in public secondary schools in Asaba Urban negatively and poor learning environment influences the academic performance of business studies students in public secondary schools in Asaba Urban negatively. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that public secondary school students should be encouraged to develop positive study habit so as to enhance their academic performance in Business Studies.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background to the Study

Education remains the best legacy every country can pass to her citizenry. This is because it serves as a tool for economic growth, innovation and even development. Quality education announces a nation to other nations of the world. This is because it helps to produce economic managers and world changers. This is why business studies was introduced to catch them young.

Business studies is the study of the management of individuals to maintain collective productivity, which accomplishes particular creative and productive goals, usually to generate profits. According to the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, business studies is the study of economics and management. It is the study of subjects connected with money and managing a business. The term business is derived from the word busy. Thus, a business means being busy either as an individual or as a society as a whole, doing commercially viable and profitable work. Business studies is an academic subject that deals with the principles of business, management, and economics. It combines elements of accountancy, finance, marketing, organizational studies, human resource management, and operations (Olayinka, 2018). The subject is designed to give students a general overview of the various elements of running a business. Business education is a branch of education that involves teaching the skills and operations of the business industry (Ronald, 2019). Business studies can be defined as the fundamental theory of business which helps an individual to perform well in the world of business. Business studies involves that aspect of education that provide the knowledge, skills, understanding and other attitude needed to perform well in the world of business as producers or consumers of goods and services that business offers. It is a programme that offers knowledge activities and skills needed by citizen in other to effectively manage their resources and participate well in the economic system (Okoh, 2019).

Additionally, Agwumezie (2021), sees business studies as a programme in education that prepares students for entry into and advancement of jobs within the business. Aliyu (2020), have it as a programme one needs to be proud of if properly designed, adequately prepared and religiously harmonized. Aliyu further affirms that business studies is an educational programme which involves acquisition of skills, knowledge and competences which makes the recipient/beneficiary proficient. It is an umbrella under which all business programmes take a shield, such as marketing, business administration, secretarial studies and accounting. Igboke (2016), defined business studies as a dynamic field of study geared towards preparing youths and adults for and about business. It is a preparation for a career in business when instruction is designed to prepare youths and adults for actual practice in the world of business. On the other hand, education about business involves preparation of youths and adults for intelligent and effective consumption of economic goods and services offered to society in our free enterprise economy. However, business studies ought to produce responsible, productive and self-reliant citizens. This highlights the importance of business studies in inculcating in the recipients knowledge, values, attitudes and skills needed in the business world. The objectives of business studies cannot be over emphasized, hence, business studies generally are borne out of the needs of industry, commerce and society. In addition, it is career oriented that aims at preparing people for gainful employment.

Academic performance on the other hand according to Roy (2021), is the ability to study and remember facts and being able to communicate your knowledge verbally or on paper. In other words, academic performance refers to how students deal with their studies and how they cope with or accomplish different tasks given to them by their teachers.  Academic performance generally refers to how well a student is accomplishing his/her tasks or studies. Academic achievement or academic performance is the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has attained their short or long-term educational goals. Completion of educational benchmarks such as secondary school diplomas and bachelor’s degrees represent academic achievement (Olaniyi, 2021). Academic achievement is commonly measured through examinations or continuous assessments but there is no general agreement on how it is best evaluated or which aspects are most important procedural knowledge such as skills or declarative knowledge such as facts (Johnson, 2020).

Several factors such as students’ study habit, participation in learning activities, learning environment and many others influence students’ academic performance especially in such like business studies.

Study habits are defined as those techniques such as summarizing, note taking, outlining or locating materials which learners employ to assist themselves in the efficient leaning of the materials which is at hand.  It plays a vital role in the development of human capital and is linked with an individual well – being and opportunities for better living. It ensures the acquisition of knowledge and skills that enable individuals to increase in their productivity and improve in their quality of life. Paivio (2020), noted that habits of study, which are formed in school, have greater significance and students must realize the need to acquire these effective study habits. Effective studying will help students to prepare schoolwork in less time to achieve greater degree of mastery of the lesson. Students who study effectively and efficiently utilize methods of learning which aid the acquisition, retention, application of knowledge, facts and information from textbook and class discussion, lectures and other resources. According to Pascual (2019), Study habits or study strategies are approaches applied to learning. They are generally critical to success in school, are considered essential for acquiring good grades, and are useful for learning throughout one’s life. There are arrays of study skills, which may tackle the process of organizing and taking in new information, retaining information, or dealing with assessments. They include mnemonic, which aid the retention of lists of information, effective reading and concentration techniques, as well as efficient note taking. Effective study habits are often up to the students and their support, however there is an evidence that they are increasingly taught at Secondary Schools and university levels. It is believed that the development of study habits helps a person become successful and productive.

Students’ participation in learning activities simply means taking part in the teaching and learning process. Not as passive listeners, but active participants. Active participation in class improves objective and subjective students’ performance in any given school subject. Active learning techniques and the associated student engagement during teaching leads to a greater number of students meeting the learning outcomes and thus, by extension, improved academic performance (Olaniyi, 2021). Student participation requires the mental and emotional involvement of students in order for them to achieve their aims (Frymier & Houser, 2018). Their participation in class is usually spontaneous, and occurs naturally (Abdullah, Bakar & Mahbob, 2020). Participation of students in group activiyies is usually not the same and they participate in different ways. The goal of increasing participation is not to have every student participate in the same way or at the same rate. Instead, it is to create an environment in which all participants have the opportunity to learn and in which the class explore issues and ideas in-depth, from a variety of viewpoints. Certain students will raise their voices more than others; this variation is a result of differences in learning preferences, as well as in personalities. Teamwork can help overcome many shortcomings of traditional learning methods and provide benefits for the students and teachers, where students become more active (Brown, 2012). Students can learn better when they are participating, involved mentally, and are committed in the process of investigation, discovery, and interpretation (Tesfaye & Berhanu, 2018).

Learning environment encompasses how students interact with and treat one another in the pedagogical setting. Further, the educational setting (learning environment) which is conducive for effective learning includes the natural ecosystem, grouping of students, arrangement of desks and seating order in specific ways, audio, video and digital technologies. The qualities and characteristics of learning environment are also determined by a wide variety of other factors such as policies of the institution, governance structures and financial stability. Literature on learning environment can be categorized into three broad aspects; academic environment, physical environment and psychological environment and all these affect the overall academic success in acquiring second language (Lizzio, 2019). Some experts in education distinguished learning environment as positive or negative. Positive learning environment includes conducive physical and social settings that facilitate effective learning. Learning environment that is with facilities of seating arrangements, conducive light, podium and the white and black boards in addition to digital and electronic equipment in the classroom such as multimedia and sound systems belong to positive learning environment while classroom environments with bare minimal facilities of accessibility with congested student numbers can be termed as negative. The concept of learning environment as perceived by Balog (2018), consists of people, teaching materials, technical tools, learning resources, curriculum, training and instruction, and physical learning space. Malik and Rizvi (2018), segregate learning environment as physical and human.

Learning environment is so important because it help students to have maximum effectiveness in the learning process. The importance of learning environment in achieving success in learning has been highlighted by many scholars in education.

Statement of the Problem

Success as the name implies is wished for by everybody but it does not easily come by on a mere platter of gold; one must work for it through hard work and diligence. The social and economic development of a country is directly linked with students’s academic performance; the desire of success is derived from individual’s concept of himself and in term of the meaning of various incentives as they spell success and failure in the eyes of others.

However, students’ academic performance in business studies over the years have not been encouraging. Essey (2022), asserted that many students perform poorly in business studies, especially in external examinations. This has raised an issue of concern among educators, parents, stakeholders and other concern citizens as to what could be responsible for the mass failure of students in a very important subject as the business studies. Many have attributed it to teachers’ method of teaching, others are attributed it to students’ poor study habit, participation in learning activities and learning environment. It is against this backdrop that this study is seeks to examine the perceived factors influencing academic performance of Business studies students in public secondary schools in Asaba Urban.

Purpose of the Study

The main purpose of this study is to examine the perceived factors influencing academic performance of Business studies students in public secondary schools in Asaba Urban. Specifically, the study seeks to:

1. examine the influence of study habit on academic performance of business studies students in public secondary schools in Asaba Urban
2. examine the influence of participation in learning activities on academic performance of business studies students in public secondary schools in Asaba Urban.
3. examine the influence of environment on academic performance of business studies students in public secondary schools in Asaba Urban

Research Questions

The following questions are raised to guide the study:

1. To what extent does study habit influences academic performance of business studies students in public secondary schools in Asaba Urban?
2. To what extent does participation in learning activities influence academic performance of business studies students in public secondary schools in Asaba Urban?
3. To what extent does environment influence academic performance of business studies students in public secondary schools in Asaba Urban?

Significance of the Study

This study could be beneficial to students, teachers, government and researchers.

Students could find this study beneficial because it could help them understand the various factors that influence their academic performance in Business studies. Having identified that their study habit influence their academic performance, they will be able to improve on their study habit so as to enhance their academic performance. It will also enable them understand the influence of their participation on their overall academic performance. This will motivate to be more active in learning activities for enhanced academic performance.

Teachers would equally find this study useful because it will help them understand better how students’ study habit, participation in learning activities and learning environment influence their academic performance, especially in business studies. This will go a long way in motivating them to find ways of encouraging students to develop good reading habit that will help them participate active in learning activities that will result in excellent academic performance.

For researchers, the study would form a basis for further research which will serve as a reference material for those who may wish to carry out related studies.

For Government, the study would be of immense benefit because it would identify certain factors that influence students’ academic performance in Business studies which will enable them allocate resources and build infrastructure that will improve students’ academic performance.

Scope of the Study

This study is delimited to perceived factors influencing academic performance of Business studies students in public secondary schools in Asaba Urban. With study habit, participation in learning activities and environment as variables of interest. The respondents of the study are public secondary school teachers in Asaba Urban.

Pages:  61

Category: Project

Format:  Word & PDF         

Chapters: 1-5                                 

Source: Imsuinfo

Material contains Table of Content, Abstract and References.

Influence of Industrial Training Scheme on Skills Acquisition of Office Technology and Management Education Students in Colleges of Education in Delta State

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to ascertain influence of industrial training scheme on skills acquisition of Office Technology and Management students in Colleges of Education in Delta State. Three (3) research questions guided the study. A review of related literature was done based on the research questions raised and variables in the study. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The total population of the study was fifty-one (44) Business Educators from the three Colleges of Education in Delta State, namely: Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba (23); College of Education, Warri (16) and College of Education, Mosogar (5). Due to the manageable size of the population, all the 44 Business Educators from the 3 Colleges of Education in Delta State were used for the study. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire, tiled: Influence of Industrial Training Scheme on Skills Acquisition of Office Technology and Management Education students in Colleges of Education in Delta State. The instrument was validated by two lecturers; one in School of Secondary Education (Business) and the other in Educational Measurement and Evaluation, Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba. Forty (44) copies of the validated questionnaire were administered on the respondents personally by the researcher with the help of two research assistants and 42 were retrieved and used for the analysis. The data collected was analyzed using weighted mean. The decision rule is such that any mean score of 2.50 and above were regarded as agreed and mean scores less than 2.50 were deemed as disagreed. Findings of the study revealed that industrial training scheme has enhanced the acquisition of human relation skills, word processing skills and communication skills of office technology and management education students in Colleges of Education in Delta State. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that government should invest more funds into industrial training scheme to enhanced the acquisition of human relation of office technology and management education students in Colleges of Education in Delta State.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background to the Study.

Education is the best legacy every nation can pass to her citizenry. This is because national development, innovation and technological advancement is all dependent on the quality of education. The quality of education enables the citizens to acquire skills that will help them to change things for better. Thus, industrial training scheme plays a very important role towards making students to become self-reliant.

Industrial Training refers to the placement of students in an organization to conduct supervised practical training in the industrial sector within the stipulated time before they are awarded a bachelor’s degree. The training conducted is based on the concept of learning through the practice of practicing theories and academic concepts that have been learned in real work situations. Industrial Training also refers to work experience that is relevant to professional development prior to graduation. One of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Engineering is that students must complete at least 12 weeks of Industrial Training. It is a placement of students in an organization to conduct supervised practical training in the industry sector within the stipulated time before they are awarded a bachelor’s degree. Industrial training provides students with significant skills and practical knowledge and motivates them to become a professional and successful engineer.

During the training period, students will gain both theoretical and practical knowledge. It is an essential component in the development of the practical and professional skills required of an Engineer and an aid to prospective employment. Many employers regard this period as a chance to vet new employees for future employment. All students should make considerable effort and give sufficient thought into obtaining the most relevant and effective Industrial Training. The Industrial Training Scheme is a program that provides students with practical work experience related to their field of study (Austin, 2020). It is designed to help students develop the skills and knowledge required for employment after graduation. The scheme typically involves a period of training in an industry or organization, where students can apply what they have learned in the classroom to real-world situations. Different kinds of skills are acquired on industrial training attachment.

Skill acquisition can be defined as the form of training by individuals or group of individuals that can lead to acquisition of knowledge for self sustenance. It involves the training of people in different fields of trade under a legal agreement between the trainers and the trainees for certain duration and under certain conditions. Ochiagha (2018) defined skill acquisition as the process of demonstrating the habit of active thinking or behaviour in a specific activity. He further stated that skill acquisition is the ability to do or perform an activity that is related to some meaningful exercise, work or job. He maintains that for skill to be acquired, appropriate knowledge, attitudes, habits of thought and qualities of character are learnt to enable the acquirer develop intellectual, emotional and moral character which prepares him or her for a brighter future. Similarly, Donli (2016) is of the view that skill acquisition is the manifestation of idea and knowledge through training which is geared towards instilling in individuals, the spirit of entrepreneurship needed for meaningful development. He stressed that if individuals are given the opportunity to acquire relevant skills needed for self sustenance in the economy, it will promote their charisma in any work environment. He further maintains that skill acquisition increases competition and cooperation among people. Accordingly, Magbagbeola (2017) posited that skills acquisition requires the accumulation of different skills that enhances task performance through the integration of both theoretical and practical forms of knowledge. From the above scenario, it can be stated that skill acquisition requires a holistic approach in the realization of creative ideas. It helps in the transformation of knowledge and skills into creative venture. Skills acquisition gives students, especially Office Technology and Management Education students the opportunity to acquire sustainable skills.

Office technology and management (OTM) programme is a fundamental part of vocational education in the Department of Business Education in Colleges of Education. This programme offered knowledge, skills, in-depth administrative office preparation to meet the demands and challenges in the business environment (Okagbare & Fredrick, 2019). Office Technology and Management, according to Yakubu (2019), is a programme from which students can obtain office administrative skills applicable to various careers, industries as well as cognitive skills transferable to other employment situations and life experience. Some of the objectives of teaching OTM, according to the National Commission for Colleges of Education (2017), include equipping graduates with the right skills that will enable them engage in a life of work in the office as well as for self-employment and to produce Nigeria Certificate in Education (NCE) business teachers who will be involved in the much-desired revolution of vocational development right from the primary to tertiary institutions. Skills such as human relation skills, word processing skills and communication skills are acquired by students on industrial training attachment.

Human relation skills refer to the ability to interact and communicate effectively with others. These skills are essential in the workplace as they enable individuals to build positive relationships, resolve conflicts, and work collaboratively with colleagues and clients. Human relation refers to the ability to interact in a healthy manner with others and build strong relationships. From the perspective of managers in a company, it involves the process of creating systems and communication channels to enable group employee relationships as well as strong one-on-one relationships (Robertson, 2019). In addition, it includes the process of training people for specific roles, addressing their needs, resolving conflicts between employees or between management and employees and creating a positive workplace culture. This gives them upper hand the working with word processer in any organization via the knowledge of word processing.

Word processing is the process of creating and editing documents on a computer. It allows a user to create documents that mimic the format and style of a typical typewriter (Dickson, 2021). It requires a computer and word processing software. A printer may also be used to create a physical copy of the document. Word processing skills help an individual create and organize word documents that are attractive and readable. Skills include aligning text in the document and using various fonts to create a presentable document. It is also important to learn how to set the correct line spacing and margins to produce presentable word documents. In addition, the use of the thesaurus tool built into many words processing software helps create professional documents (Roy, 2018).  Microsoft Word skills are the skills that allow you to use the Microsoft Word application effectively.

Microsoft Word is a computer program that allows you to create documents for various purposes. For instance, you can use it to draft memos, letters, and reports. It’s also useful when creating your application documents, such as a resume and cover letter (Roy, 2018). Microsoft Word can assure the hiring manager that you can handle all Word processing duties relevant to the role you’re pursuing. Another word processing skill is the use of headers and footers. This skill includes important details that need to appear in the document such as dates and page numbers. Creating and formatting tables is an important skill, especially when dealing with research data. In addition, one needs to know how to set tabs appropriately (Roy, 2018). Learning to use page breaks appropriately is very useful, especially when creating large documents. Word processing skill, coupled with communication skills goes a long way in helping students become self-reliant after graduation.

However, with the high rate of unemployment in Delta state and particularly graduates of Office Technology and Management Education, it is still questionable if industrial training is doing enough in the acquisition of skill by students. Hence the need to ascertain influence of industrial training scheme on skills acquisition of Office Technology and Management Education students in Colleges of Education in Delta State.

Statement of the Problem

Industrial Training is meant to equip students with the necessary skills and innovative ideas that are required from job performance and service delivery, that will help become employers of labour. The aim is to help students to achieve their set goals and become specialists in their various fields of studies. There is no doubt that Industrial Training Scheme is a commendable skills’ development  programme, geared towards bridging the gap between theories learnt in the class and the actual practical skill.

However, this is not the case as Koh (2010), observed that there is lack of practical skills among graduates of institutions of higher learning in Nigeria. This situation has given rise to complaints among parents and industries, that graduates of tertiary institutions in Nigeria lack manipulative skills and not employable. The situation also gave rise to the question as to whether Industrial Training Scheme is an effective platform for equipping Office Technology and Management Education (OTME) students with the competencies and skills they so much need.  It is therefore, on this light that the study tries to ascertain the influence of industrial training scheme on skills acquisition of Office Technology and Management Education students in Colleges of Education in Delta State.

Purpose of the Study

The main purpose of this study is to determine the influence of industrial training scheme on skills acquisition of Office Technology and Management Education students in Colleges of Education in Delta State. Specifically, the study sought to:

1. Ascertain the influence of industrial training scheme on the acquisition of human relation skills of Office Technology and Management Education students in Colleges of Education in Delta State.
2. Determine the influence of industrial training scheme on the acquisition of word processing skills of Office Technology and Management Education students in Colleges of Education in Delta State.
3. Determine the influence of industrial training scheme on the acquisition of communication skills of Office Technology and Management Education students in Colleges of Education in Delta State.

Research Questions

The following questions were formaulated to guide the study:

1. How does industrial training scheme influence acquisition of communication skills of Office Technology and Management Education students in Colleges of Education in Delta State?
2. What extent industrial training scheme influences the acquisition of communication skills of Office Technology and Management Education students in Colleges of Education in Delta State?
3. What are the benefits of industrial training scheme on the acquisition of word processing skills of Office Technology and Management Education students in Colleges of Education in Delta State?

Significance of the Study

The study would be beneficial to students, school administrators, industries, and future Researchers.

The findings of this study would enable the students to identify the kinds of skills available during industrial training which will motivate them to participate actively in it. This will help them to add value to the society by becoming job creator instead of job seekers.

The study would also be beneficial to school administrators and as well serves as a wakeup call to them on the need to take industrial training serious by regularly visiting and supervising students on industrial training.

The study would also contribute to the body of knowledge by adding to the literatures in the field of business education which could serve as reference material to researchers who may wish to carry out related studies.

Scope of the Study

This study focused on influence of industrial training scheme on skills acquisition of Office Technology and Management Education students in Colleges of Education in Delta State. The area covered is limited to Office Technology and Management Education students in Colleges of Education in Delta State.

Pages:  65

Category: Project

Format:  Word & PDF               

Chapters: 1-5                                          

Source: Imsuinfo

Material contains Table of Content, Abstract and References.

Modern Skills Required of Secretaries for Effective Job Performance as Perceived by Business Education Lecturers in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba

ABSTRACT

This study focused on modern skills required of secretaries for effective job performance as perceived by business education lecturers in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba.  Three research questions guided the study. A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The total population of the study was twenty-three (23) Business Educators in Federal College of Education (Technical), all the 23 Business Educators were used for the study. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire, tiled: Influence of Industrial Training Scheme on Skills Acquisition of Office Technology and Management Education students in Colleges of Education in Delta State. The questionnaire had two sections; section “A” comprised of the respondent’s personal data and section ‘B’ had structured questionnaire items with their corresponding response options. The questionnaire is a four-points rating scale which were coded and weighted as follows: Highly Required (4), required (3), Slightly Required (2) and Not Required (1). The instrument was validated by two lecturers; one in School of Secondary Education (Business) and the other in Educational Measurement and Evaluation, Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba. The validated questionnaire was subjected to reliability test. Ten copies of the validated questionnaire will be administered on ten (10) Business Educators in Federal College of Education Umunze, Anambra State, using split-half method. Data collected were analyze using Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient to ascertain the level of correlation.  23 copies of the validated questionnaire were administered on the respondents personally by the researcher with the help of two research assistants and 22 were retrieved and analyzed. The data collected was analyzed using frequency count and mean statistics. The decision rule is such that any mean score of 2.50 and above were regarded as required and mean scores less than 2.50 were deemed as not required.  Findings of the study showed that word processing skills, database management skills and human relation skills are required of Secretaries for effective job performance. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that government should invest more funds into industrial training scheme to enhance the acquisition of human relation of office technology and management education students in Colleges of Education in Delta State.

CHATER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background to the Study

In the rapidly evolving landscape of today’s workplaces, the role of secretaries has undergone a significant transformation. Modern secretaries are expected to possess a diverse set of skills to effectively adapt to the demands of their dynamic work environments. In an era where technological advancements, communication platforms, and administrative responsibilities are constantly evolving, understanding the key competencies essential for effective job performance is crucial for both aspiring and current secretarial professionals.

A skill is the ability to perform an action with determined results often within a given amount of time, energy, or both. Skills can often be divided into domain-general and domain-specific skills (Akpan, 2017). For example, in the domain of work, some general skills would include time management, teamwork and secretarieship, self-motivation and others, whereas domain-specific skills would be used only for a certain job. Skill usually requires certain environmental stimuli and situations to assess the level of skill being shown and used. Skills are the learned abilities or competencies that individuals acquire through training, practice, or experience, enabling them to perform specific tasks effectively (Fleishman, 2018). Czerniak and Haney (2018), defined skills are the practical and applied knowledge, proficiencies, and techniques that individuals possess and can use to accomplish various tasks and goals. They added that skills are the combination of cognitive, motor, and interpersonal abilities that individuals employ to solve problems, complete tasks, and interact with others in their personal and professional lives.” They are the measurable and observable capabilities that individuals develop to perform specific actions or functions efficiently. They encompass the practical and applied proficiencies that individuals acquire and refine through training and experience, allowing them to excel in their chosen field or endeavour. Goldstein and Ford (2019), sees skills as the aptitudes and competencies that individuals possess, which can be categorized into cognitive, technical, and interpersonal dimensions, and are essential for accomplishing specific tasks and achieving desired outcomes. They are the acquired abilities that enable individuals to perform tasks, solve problems, and adapt to new challenges in their personal and professional lives. Salas and Rosen (2018) defined skills as the applied and practiced proficiencies that individuals cultivate to effectively execute tasks, solve problems, and accomplish goals in various domains. They added that skills are the specific and transferable competencies that individuals acquire and refine to meet the demands of their work and personal life. Skill can also be seen as the practical and learned capabilities that individuals possess, encompassing a wide range of technical, interpersonal, and problem-solving proficiencies, which enable them to excel in their chosen pursuits.

Business Education on the other hand is a programme that is by policy introduced at junior secondary school level. It is, however not continued at the senior secondary but continue at tertiary l0+evel of education. Scholars like Ahmadu and Idoko (2018) stated that business education is education for business or training in business skills, which are required for use in business offices and clerical occupation and business policy analysis; it is a deliberate intent of teachers to students about economics and business concepts and skills that might be used in later life. In the view of Udoh (2020), business education encompasses knowledge, attitude and skills needed by all citizens in order to effectively manage their personal materials and participate effectively in the economic world. Onu (2019) opines that Business Education is the field of training in business practices and in specifics skills such as accounting, information processing, keyboarding/typewriting and shorthand. Udoh (2020) asserts that Business Education covers a wide range of spectrum of economic activities in any society. It also refers to the desirable competencies necessary for self-employment, which is particularly important in the present depressed global economic situation by equipping individuals with life–like skills for self-employment. On his own part, Otamiri (2018) viewed business education as a fusion of pedagogical and entrepreneurial skills, knowledge and attitude.  He maintained that business education therefore involves the study of technologies and related sciences and the acquisition of practical skills (including teaching skills), attitudes, understanding and knowledge related to occupation in various sectors of the economy and social life. Based on the foregoing, one can deduce that business education is focused at training and preparing students for formal employment as well as having skills which permit self-employment, it also trains teachers who are to pass appropriate knowledge to the oncoming generation. The programme offers students opportunity to become professional secretaries.

A secretary is seen as A secretary is an administrative professional responsible for a wide range of tasks, including document preparation, correspondence management, and organizational support within an organization (Otamiri, 2018). He or she is an individual who assists in administrative and clerical tasks, often acting as a gatekeeper and communication hub within an office or organization. He/she  according to Obed (2019), is a person who provides administrative and clerical support to executives, managers, and other professionals in an organization, ensuring the smooth flow of information and efficient office operations. Onu (2019), opined that a secretary is a skilled professional who manages and maintains office records, schedules appointments, and handles communication on behalf of their superiors in order to facilitate daily business operations. He or she is an office assistant who undertakes tasks such as typing, filing, answering phones, and organizing documents to support the efficient functioning of an organization. He or she is an essential administrative staff member responsible for administrative tasks, correspondence, and record-keeping in an office setting. He or she manages administrative and clerical duties, including managing appointments, preparing documents, and facilitating communication for their superiors or the organization. He or she is also supporting staff member who provides administrative assistance, often handling correspondence, managing calendars, and organizing meetings for executives or managers.

The effective function or job performance of a secretary in the modern society requires a quite number of modern skills. Skills such as word processing, database management, and human relations would be necessary for effective job performance of a secretary.

Word processing is the process of creating and editing documents on a computer. It allows a user to create documents that mimic the format and style of a typical typewriter (Dickson, 2021). It requires a computer and word processing software. A printer may also be used to create a physical copy of the document. Word processing skills help an individual create and organize word documents that are attractive and readable. Skills include aligning text in the document and using various fonts to create a presentable document. It is also important to learn how to set the correct line spacing and margins to produce presentable word documents. In addition, the use of the thesaurus tool built into many words processing software helps create professional documents (Roy, 2018).  Microsoft Word skills are the skills that allow you to use the Microsoft Word application effectively. Microsoft Word is a computer program that allows you to create documents for various purposes. For instance, you can use it to draft memos, letters, and reports. It’s also useful when creating your application documents, such as a resume and cover letter. Highlighting your proficiency in Microsoft Word can assure the hiring manager that you can handle all Word processing duties relevant to the role you’re pursuing. Another word processing skill one should master is the use of headers and footers. This skill includes important details that need to appear in the document such as dates and page numbers. Creating and formatting tables is an important skill, especially when dealing with research data. In addition, one needs to know how to set tabs appropriately. Learning to use page breaks appropriately is very useful, especially when creating large documents. Word processing skill, coupled with other  skill go a long way in helping students become self-reliant after graduation.      Database management on the other hand is the systematic and organized process of creating, storing, retrieving, updating, and managing data in a structured format for efficient and secure data handling (Coronel, Morris, 2018). Database management on the other hand involves the administration and control of databases to ensure data integrity, security, and accessibility, as well as optimizing data storage and retrieval performance (Connolly & Begg, 2019). Database management is the discipline of efficiently and securely storing, organizing, and manipulating data in electronic databases to support various applications and business processes. Database management encompasses the design, implementation, and maintenance of database systems to support data-driven decision-making and information retrieval in organizations (Elmasri & Navathe, 2020). Database management refers to the process of controlling, administering, and optimizing the storage, retrieval, and manipulation of data in a database system to meet business and application requirements (Rob & Coronel, 2018).  Database management is the practice of organizing and managing data using database management systems (DBMS) to ensure data consistency, integrity, and availability. Database management encompasses the tasks of designing, creating, maintaining, and securing databases to ensure the availability and integrity of data for various applications and users (Healey, 2021). Database management is the systematic control and administration of databases, involving data modeling, schema design, query processing, and access control to enable efficient data handling in digital systems (Garcia-Molina, Ullman & Widom, 2019).

On the other hand, human relation is the study of how people interact and communicate within social and organizational settings, with a focus on fostering positive relationships, understanding interpersonal dynamics, and promoting effective collaboration (Dubrin, 2018). Human relations refer to the art and science of building and maintaining positive connections with others, both in personal and professional contexts, through effective communication, empathy, and mutual respect (Dessler, (2021).  Human relations is the practice of managing and enhancing the interactions between individuals and groups in order to create a harmonious and productive work environment, emphasizing the importance of interpersonal skills and emotional intelligence (Lussier & Hendon, 2019). Human relation is the process of understanding, adapting to, and influencing the behavior and attitudes of individuals and groups in various social and organizational contexts to achieve common goals and maintain healthy working relationships (Dowling & Festing, 2017). Human relation is the interdisciplinary field that explores the complexities of human interactions, encompassing psychology, sociology, communication, and management principles to improve the quality of personal and professional relationships.” (Doherty, 2017). Human relations skills are the ability to communicate, interact, and build positive relationships with others in various personal and professional settings. They skills involve the capacity to understand and empathize with people’s emotions, needs, and perspectives, facilitating effective collaboration and cooperation. The skills encompass the social and emotional competencies required to navigate social situations, resolve conflicts, and work harmoniously with others. They to manage and improve interactions, teamwork, and communication among individuals, creating a supportive and harmonious environment. They are the foundational competencies that underpin successful collaboration, secretarieship, and conflict resolution, essential for achieving individual and organizational goals. To ensure their effective job performance, it is imperative to investigate and identify the contemporary skills demanded of secretaries in the context of today’s dynamic work environment.  Hence the need to examine modern Skills required of Secretaries for effective job performance as perceived by Business Education Lecturers in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba.

Statement of the Problem

The role of secretaries has evolved significantly in the modern workplace, driven by technological advancements, changing organizational structures, and shifting job expectations. As a result, the skills required of secretaries have also undergone transformation.

          The rapid pace of technological change and the introduction of automation tools have the potential to create a mismatch between the skills possessed by secretaries and those needed to perform their duties effectively. This misalignment can impede productivity and hinder their ability to support organizational goals. Secretaries’ traditional skill sets may not fully meet the multi-faceted requirements of their current roles. A lack of essential skills, such as digital literacy, database management, and project coordination, may limit their ability to excel in their tasks.

The modern workplace has become more diverse and complex, with an increased focus on collaboration, communication, and adaptability. Secretaries must now navigate these complexities and effectively contribute to the overall functioning of their organizations, requiring new and enhanced skill sets. Identifying the skills needed for effective job performance is one challenge; another challenge is ensuring that secretaries have access to relevant training and development opportunities. It is essential to explore how organizations can provide the necessary resources and support for skill acquisition and enhancement. The skills possessed by secretaries directly affect organizational efficiency and effectiveness. A lack of modern skills may hinder their ability to support executives and teams, impacting the organization’s overall performance and competitiveness. The role of a secretary can be a stepping stone to higher positions within an organization. To support career growth and job satisfaction, it is important to understand the skills that can help secretaries transition into more advanced roles.

Addressing these problem areas is critical to enhancing the performance of secretaries in the modern workplace, ensuring they remain valuable assets to organizations, and ultimately contributing to overall business success. This research therefore, seeks to examine modern Skills required of Secretaries for effective job performance as perceived by Business Education Lecturers in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba.

Purpose of the Study

The main purpose of this study is to examine modern Skills required of Secretaries for effective job performance as perceived by Business Education Lecturers in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba. Specifically, the study is aimed at examining:

1. Word Processing skills required of Secretaries for effective job performance as perceived by Business Education Lecturers in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba.
2. Database management skills required of Secretaries for effective job performance as perceived by Business Education Lecturers in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba.
3. Human relation skills required of Secretaries for effective job performance as perceived by Business Education Lecturers in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba.

Research Questions

The following questions were raised to guide the study:

1. What are the word processing skills required of Secretaries for effective job performance as perceived by Business Education Lecturers in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba?
2. What are the database management skills required of Secretaries for effective job performance as perceived by Business Education Lecturers in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba?
3. What are the human relation skills required of Secretaries for effective job performance as perceived by Business Education Lecturers in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba?

Significance of the Study

This study would be beneficial to students, Business Educators, Researchers and the Field of Business Education.

Findings of the study would help students understand the contemporary job market’s demands. It ensures that students are aware of the skills and competencies that employers seek in secretarial roles. This information is crucial for students as they prepare to enter the workforce. By identifying the modern skills required for effective job performance, the study equips students with the knowledge they need to develop and refine these skills during their education and training. This prepares them to be job-ready upon graduation. The findings of the study can inform the development or modification of educational programs and curricula for secretarial or administrative courses. Institutions can align their coursework with the latest industry needs, ensuring that students receive a relevant education. Students can use the study’s insights to identify areas where they may need to improve or acquire new skills.

Business educators would use the study’s findings to update and refine their curricula to align with current industry needs. This ensures that the education provided to students is relevant, practical, and up-to-date, enhancing the overall quality of the programs. Business Educators can design courses that specifically target the skills and competencies identified in the study. This allows for a more targeted and effective approach to teaching, ensuring that students acquire the skills necessary for success in secretarial and administrative roles. The study can inform educators about the specific skills and knowledge areas that students need to master. This information can be used to design assessments and evaluations that accurately measure students’ proficiency in these areas. Business educators can use the study as a resource to stay informed about the changing demands of the workplace.

The study would help researchers understand how secretarial roles have adapted to the changing dynamics of the modern workplace, including technological advancements, globalization, and shifting organizational structures. Findings from the research can inform educational programs and training courses for aspiring secretaries. This ensures that students receive relevant instruction and are prepared for the demands of the job market. Researchers can track and report on emerging trends in the field of secretarial work, helping professionals and organizations stay informed and competitive. The study would equally form basis for further research.

Field of Business Education would find this study useful because it will enable them align their courses and training programs with the specific skills and competencies that employers are seeking in secretaries. This enhances the employability of graduates. The study helps educators make their training programs more relevant to real-world job requirements, ensuring that students are prepared for the practical challenges they will face in the workplace. Business education institutions can collaborate with businesses and organizations to design programs that reflect the needs of the industry. This can lead to internship opportunities, guest lectures, and other practical experiences for students. Business education programs can use the research to provide students with insights into potential career paths, job opportunities, and the evolving nature of secretarial roles.

Scope of the Study

This study is focused on examining the examine modern Skills required of Secretaries for effective job performance as perceived by Business Education Lecturers in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba. Variable of interest are word processing skills, database management skills and human relation skills as variables of interests. Respondents of the study are Business Educators in the study area.

Pages:  75

Category: Project

Format:  Word & PDF               

Chapters: 1-5                                          

Source: Imsuinfo

Material contains Table of Content, Abstract and References.

Perceived Factors Influencing Academic Performance of Economics Students in Public Secondary Schools in Asaba Urban

ABSTRACT

The study was investigated perceived factors influencing academic performance of Economics students in public secondary schools in Asaba Urban of Delta State. Three (3) research questions guided the study. A review of related literature was done based on each of the research questions raised. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised of thirty (30) male and female Economics in 13 public secondary schools in Asaba, Urban, Delta State.  Due to the manageable size of the population, all the 30 Economics teachers from the 13 secondary schools in Asaba Urban were used for the study.

The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled “Perceived Factors Influencing Academic Performance of Economics Students (PFIAPESQ). The questionnaire consisted of two sections. Section A comprised personal data of the respondents while section B comprised questionnaire items. The instrument was validated by a lecturer in Educational Measurement and Evaluation, Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba. Thirty-one (31) copies of the validated instruments were administered to the Economics teachers in senior secondary schools in Asaba Urban were retrieved by the researcher with the help of a trained research assistant. Data collected were analyzed using frequency count, mean and standard deviation statistics. Findings of the study revealed that good study habit influences the academic performance of Economics students positively in public secondary schools in Asaba Urban; participation in learning activities influences the academic performance of Economics students in public secondary schools in Asaba Urban negatively and learning environment influences the academic performance of students in Economics positively in public secondary schools in Asaba Urban.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background to the Study

Education remains the best legacy every family and country can bequeath to her citizenry. This is because is an instrument for social, scientific and technological innovation and development. In Nigeria, education is regarded as an instrument for excellence, for social and economic reconstruction of the nation (FGN, 2013 p.iv). Education helps to produce economic managers and world changers. This is why Economics was introduced to catch them young.

Economics is social science that studies how individuals, businesses, governments, and nations make choices about how to allocate and use limited resources to satisfy their unlimited wants and needs (Paul & William, 2017). It examines issues such as production, distribution, consumption of goods and services, employment, income, prices, markets, trade, and many other factors that influence the decision-making processes of economic agents. Hence, economics is fundamentally about making choices because resources (labour, raw materials, capital, etc.) are limited in supply or scarce relative to the unlimited wants and needs of individuals and society (Dickson, 2018). Every choice has an opportunity cost, which is the value of the next best alternative that must be given up when a decision is made. The interaction of supply (amount offered for sale) and demand (amount wanted to buy) determines prices and quantities in markets. Economics studies how goods and services are produced, how they are distributed among members of the society, and how they are consumed. It analyzes different economic systems like capitalism, socialism, and mixed economies, and how they allocate productive resources. Economics provides a framework for understanding human behaviour, decision-making, and how scarce resources are allocated and used in the society. Its principles and theories are widely applied in various fields, including public policy, business, finance, and many other areas. Economics is the study of how societies use scarce resources to produce valuable commodities and distribute them among different people (Paul & William, 2017). Economics is a social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services (Gregory, 2017). It is the study of how people choose to use resources. According to Joseph (2019) Economics is the study of how people make choices under conditions of scarcity and of the results of those choices for society. It studies how individuals, businesses, governments, and nations make choices about how to allocate limited resources. Steven (2016), asserted that Economics is the study of the allocation of scarce resources among competing ends.

In Nigeria, Economics is a subject of study in senior secondary schools which equips leaners with the right skills and attitudes to effectively make economic decisions, become captains of industries and mangers of the economy. Economics is a course of study in tertiary education institutions. Hence, teh academic performance of students in Economics will go a long way to determine their future work and academic career.

Academic performance on the other hand according to Roy (2021), is the ability to study and remember facts and being able to communicate your knowledge verbally or on paper. Academic achievement or academic performance is the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has attained their short or long-term educational goals. Completion of educational benchmarks such as secondary school, diplomas and bachelor’s degrees represent academic achievement (Olaniyi, 2021). Academic achievement is commonly measured through examinations or continuous assessments but there is no general agreement on how it is best evaluated or which aspects are most important procedural knowledge such as skills or declarative knowledge such as facts (Johnson, 2020). Academic performance is the measurement of student achievement across various academic subjects (Ward, Stoker, & Murray-Ward, 2016). Academic performance refers to how well a student is accomplishing their tasks and studying the curricula of a course (Saeed & Akhter, 2014). Academic performance is the outcome of education — the extent to which a student, teacher, or institution has achieved their educational goals.” (Steinmayr, Meißner, Weidinger, & Wirthwein, 2018). Rajput, Mohammed, and Mukhtar (2020), saw academic performance as the observable and measurable behavior of a student in a specific scholastic environment. It is the knowledge attained and skills developed in the subjects studied at school, college, or university (Mushtaq & Khan, 2018). Academic performance refers to the level of attainment or proficiency in scholastic or academic work (Arshad, Shafi, & Mahmood, 2017). Academic performance is the extent to which a student, teacher, or institution has achieved their short or long-term educational goals.” (Kpolovie, Joe, & Okoto, 2016). Academic performance is a multidimensional construct that encompasses academic achievement, acquisition of skills, and the attainment of learning objectives (York, Gibson, & Rankin, 2019). It is a measure of knowledge gained and skills acquired in specific academic areas or subjects (Furlonger & Anderson, 2019). Academic performance is the measurement of student achievement in curricular areas of study, typically represented by grades, test scores, or other quantitative measures (Greven, 2019).

Students’ academic performance in Economics can be influenced by a number of factors.

Study is a factor in students’ academic performance in Economics. Study habit refers to techniques of summarizing, note taking, outlining or locating materials which learners employ to assist themselves in the efficient leaning of the materials which is at hand.  It ensures the acquisition of knowledge and skills that enable individuals to increase their productivity and improve in their quality of life. Paivio (2020), noted that study habits are formed in school and have greater significance and students must realize the need to acquire these effective study habits. Effective studying helps students to prepare schoolwork in less time to achieve greater degree of mastery of the lesson. Students who study effectively and efficiently utilize methods of learning which aids the acquisition, retention, application of knowledge, facts and information from textbook and class discussion, lectures and other resources. According to Pascual (2019), study habits or study strategies are approaches applied to learning. They are generally critical to success in school and are considered essential for acquiring good grades, and useful for learning throughout one’s lifetime. There are arrays of study skills, which may tackle the process of organizing and taking in new information, retaining information, or dealing with assessments. They include mnemonic, which aid the retention of lists of information; effective reading and concentration techniques, as well as efficient note taking. Effective study habits are often up to the students and their support, however there is an evidence that they are increasingly taught at secondary schools and university levels. It is believed that the development of study habits helps a person become successful and productive.

Students’ participation in learning activities implies taking part in the teaching and learning process. Not as passive listeners, but active participants. Active participation in class improves objective and subjective students’ performance in any given school subject. Active learning techniques and the associated student engagement during teaching leads to a greater number of students meeting the learning outcomes and thus, by extension, improved academic performance (Olaniyi, 2021). Student participation requires mental and emotional involvement of students in order for them to achieve their aims (Frymier & Houser, 2018). Their participation in class is usually spontaneous, and occurs naturally (Abdullah, et al, 2020). Participation of students in group activities is usually not the same and they participate in different ways. The goal of increasing participation is not to have every student participate in the same way or at the same rate. Instead, it is to create an environment in which all participants have the opportunity to learn and in which the class explore issues and ideas in-depth, from a variety of viewpoints. Certain students will raise their voices more than others; this variation is as a result of differences in learning preferences, as well as in personalities. Teamwork can help overcome many shortcomings of traditional learning methods and provide benefits for the students and teachers, where students become more active (Brown, 2012). Students can learn better when they are participate and get involved mentally, and are committed in the process of investigation, discovery, and interpretation (Tesfaye & Berhanu, 2018).

Learning environment encompasses how students interact with and treat one another in the pedagogical setting. Further, the educational setting (learning environment) which is conducive for effective learning includes the natural ecosystem, grouping of students, arrangement of desks and seating order in specific ways, audio, video and digital technologies. The qualities and characteristics of learning environment are also determined by a wide variety of other factors such as policies of the institution, governance structures and financial stability. Literature on learning environment can be categorized into three broad aspects; academic environment, physical environment and psychological environment and all these affect the overall academic success (Lizzio, 2019). Some experts in education distinguished learning environment into positive and negative. Positive learning environment includes conducive physical and social settings that facilitate effective learning. Learning environment that is with facilities such as seating arrangements, conducive light, podium and the white and black boards in addition to digital and electronic equipment in the classroom such as multimedia and sound systems create positive learning environment while classroom environments with bare minimal facilities of with congested students numbers can be termed as negative. The concept of learning environment as perceived by Balog (2018), consists of learners, teaching materials, technical tools, learning resources, curriculum, training and instruction, and physical learning space. Malik and Rizvi (2018), segregate learning environment into physical and human. Learning environment is so important because it help students to have maximum effectiveness in the learning process. It is in the light of the foregoing that this study investigated factors influencing Economics students’ academic performance in public secondary schools in Asaba, Delta State.

Statement of the Problem

The social and economic development of a country is directly linked with students’s academic performance; the desire for success is derived from individual’s concept of himself and in term of the meaning of various incentives as they spell success and failure in the eyes of others. Students’ academic performance in Economics in external examinations over the years have not been encouraging. Essey (2022) observed that many students perform poorly in Economics, especially in external examinations. This has raised the concern among educators, parents, stakeholders and other concerned citizens as to what could be responsible for the mass failure of students in a very important subject as the Economics. Many have attributed it to teachers’ method of teaching, others have attributed it to students’ poor study habit, participation in learning activities and learning environment. It is against this backdrop that this study is seeks to examine the perceived factors influencing academic performance of Economics students in public secondary schools in Asaba Urban.

Purpose of the Study

The main purpose of this study is to examine the perceived factors influencing academic performance of Economic students in public secondary schools in Asaba Urban. Specifically, the study sought to:

1. examine the influence of study habit on academic performance of Economics students in public secondary schools in Asaba Urban
2. examine the influence of participation in learning activities on academic performance of Economics students in public secondary schools in Asaba Urban.
3. examine the influence of learning environment on academic performance of Economics students in public secondary schools in Asaba Urban

Research Questions

The following questions guided the study.

1. To what extent does study habit influences academic performance of Economics students in public secondary schools in Asaba Urban?
2. To what extent does participation in learning activities influence academic performance of Economics students in public secondary schools in Asaba Urban?
3. To what extent does learning environment influence academic performance of Economics students in public secondary schools in Asaba Urban?

Significance of the Study

Findings of this study could be beneficial to students, teachers, government and researchers. Students could find this study beneficial because it could help them understand the various factors that influence their academic performance in Economics. Having identified that their study habit influence their academic performance, it would enable them improve their study habit so as to enhance their academic performance. It would also enable them to understand the influence of their participation on their overall academic performance. This woull motivate to be more active in learning activities for enhanced academic performance.

Teachers would equally find this study useful because it would help them understand better how students’ study habit, participation in learning activities and learning environment influence their academic performance, especially in Economics. This would go a long way in motivating them to find ways of encouraging students to develop good reading habit that would help them participate active in learning activities that would result in excellent academic performance.

For researchers, the study would form a basis for further research which will serve as a reference material for those who may wish to carry out related studies.

For Government, the study would be of immense benefit because it would identify certain factors that influence students’ academic performance in Economics which will enable them allocate resources and build infrastructure that will improve students’ academic performance.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study is delimited to perceived factors influencing academic performance of Economics students. With study habit, participation in learning activities and environment as variables of interest. The respondents of the study are public secondary school teachers in Asaba Urban.

Pages:  64

Category: Project

Format:  Word & PDF               

Chapters: 1-5                                          

Source: Imsuinfo

Material contains Table of Content, Abstract and References.

ABSTRACT

The study examined competencies required of Office Technology and Management Education graduates for effective operation of private modern office in Asaba urban. To achieve this essence, the study was divided into five chapters. Three research questions were raise and answered in the study, related literature were reviewed in the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The population of the study consists of eighty (80) registered private modern office managers. Sample of the study comprises of fifty (50) managers out of the eighty (80) registered private modern office managers in Asaba, Delta State. The instrument for data collection was questionnaire which was validated by two lecturers from the school of business education. The method of data collection was mean statistics to answer the research questions. The findings revealed that, word processing competencies, communication competencies and human/interpersonal relationship competencies required by office technology and management education graduate influence positively their operation in private modern offices. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that both school authorities and government should provide the needed facilities/materials for effective training of Office Technology and Management Education students, for them to acquire the relevant skills required of them to function effectively in a digital age. Office Technology and Management Education students should try within their limit to acquire the basic skill required of them while they are in school for effective operation of private modern office.    

 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

 Background to the Study

In Nigeria work setting, most adults are mainly from the private and public organizations while the remaining are in self employment. The private organizations range from the very small scale/one man business to the multi-national companies whose ultimate goal is to make profit, provide employment and contribute to social economic development of the nation. Some public organizations still fall into this category, while majority are established to render some categories of services to the society. For example, a public academic institution is not a profit driven organization but has a goal to ensure that the service of producing graduates is efficiently done with minimal waste (Mbadugah, 2017). The author further stated that in Nigeria, many government and private sector offices, are fast adapting to modern technologies. This trend appears to be one of most viable ways to survive the industrial and group competitions as well as the evolving global technological culture. Many organizations make use of new technologies to handle people, coordinate activities, and evaluate performance directed towards organizational goals and objectives.

Enyekit (2016) asserted that the modern business office is rapidly changing as a result of office automation, which has brought about new methods in carrying out functions performed by people in organizations. One office employee that constantly uses this ever-changing technology in the office is the office secretary who is expected to handle numerous office functions related to information processing. Enyekit (2016) further stated that the inability of the worker to make use of this modern technology in an office brings failure to the organization, therefore every organization (private and public) requires competence in every worker within the organization.

According to Nwankwo (2015), competencies are the state of being able to carry out certain activities in line with the required area of quality or specialization, having the eagerness to put thing into being. It is also the act of having sufficient skills in different area of specialization and being able to put all into execution without any anxiety or phobia in one’s mind. It’s the act of being totally complete in the skill and ability to do such work or put in motion. In line with this, Nwogwugwu (2014) defined office competencies as the abilities that is required for carrying out the office functions very well, the office work competencies varies just as office activities vary too because the various activities in an organization are grouped together or clustered and assigned specific job description like sales unit, purchases unit, technical unit, medical unit, transport unit etc. each of these units is involved in the function of an office. Nwogwugwu (2014) further stated that modern office competencies are those capabilities and abilities required for maximum utilization of innovative office technologies.

Competencies refer to the skills, behaviour and knowledge acquired and manifested by people. The organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, 2013) defined competency as a bundle of skills, which derives from a combination of knowledge and personal traits. Anann (2014) stated that competency in modern office requires a combination of skills, attributes and behaviours that are directly related to successful performance on the job. For the purposes of this study, office competencies are the knowledge, skills and abilities, which an Office Technology and Management Education (OTM) graduates requires to effect desirable changes in the office in response to prevailing circumstances. Cornacchione (2012) stressed that such competencies provide a sound basis for consistent and objective performance standards about what is needed and expected in an organization in terms of human relations, managerial competences, communication competences, information and communication technology competences, secretarial competences and problem solving competences.

Hence, Office technology and management education (OTME) is seen as one of the core courses studied under the department of business education in any tertiary institution or universities (Adebayo 2016). It implies that office technology and management education (OTME) is a branch of business education. Therefore, business education is a component of vocational technical education programme that prepare an individual for career in business and also to be an intelligent consumer of economic goods and services. Business education provides students with the needed competencies, skills, knowledge, understanding and attitudes to perform as workers in industries, civil service and also as proprietors of business. Business education is work-focused, skill-based, result oriented and technology-based (Ugwoke, 2016).

The objective of Office Technology and Management Education (OTME) programme include among others; equipping the students with the knowledge competencies and special skills that will enable them to successfully hold position as secretaries, managers and administrative assistants in both public and private sectors of the economy, exposing student to industrial experience thereby affording them the opportunity to practice their skills, developing students’ potentials for further academic and professional pursuit, developing in the students an occupational intelligence that will make them versatile and adaptable to the changing situation in the world of work (Nnebe,2016).

In the light of the pervasiveness of modern technologies in offices, office technology and management Education (OTME) graduates ought to have the competencies to use these technologies to perform effectively in the workplace. This is important because OTME graduates are ever-present office workers needed in every type of government or private offices to assist their superiors or executives in carrying out their responsibilities (Idih, 2015). Igbinedion (2017) described the OTME graduate worker as an assistant to an executive, who possesses mastery of office skills and ability to assume responsibility without direct supervision, displays initiative, exercises judgment, and makes decisions within the scope of his/her authority. The OTME function requires a large amount of initiative, skill and resourcefulness to succeed. Thus, an efficient OTM graduate worker operates with a better combination of resources and opportunities with the aim of delivering the appropriate level of services at the quality level expected by a particular organization. Michael (2017) further stated that for OTME office workers to be able to perform their duties and make meaningful contributions to the success of the organizational goals, they also need to acquire the relevant office competencies. It was on this premise that the researcher tends to investigate on the competencies require of Office Technology and Management Education Graduates for effective operation of private modern offices in Asaba Urban.

Statement of the Problem

Developments and innovations in technology have brought about tremendous changes in today’s offices and business environments. These innovations demand greater responsibilities and improved performance on the part of Office Technology and Management Education (OTME) graduates in view of their vital roles in processing office information.  This implies that today’s office managers who are unable to cope with the demands of office technology will become irrelevant, low priced or even unemployed as the case may be. Despite the importance of skillful Office Technology and Management Education (OTME) graduates in a modern offices, the researcher wishes to ascertain the problem affecting Office Technology and Management Education (OTME) graduates from performing well in a modern offices. Could it be that the training given to OTME students do not seem to reflect the wave of technological changes, could it be that some Office Technology and Management Education (OTME) graduates fails to acquire the competencies needed for effective use of modern office technology during their training, could it be that unqualified Office Technology and Management Education (OTME) teachers influences the students of Office Technology and Management Education (OTME) from learning what they ought to learn etc.  Azih (2013) observed that the performances of some Office Technology and Management Education (OTME) graduates fall short of accepted practices in modern office technologies, thereby suggesting that they have not adequately acquired the competencies needed for effective use of modern office technologies during their training.  Consequently, some functions supposed to be handled by Office Technology and Management Education (OTME) graduates are thus given to graduates of other disciplines. Where Office Technology and Management Education (OTME) workers lack competencies to use efficient and effective working tools, productivity is definitely bound to be unimpressive. If these Office Technology and Management Education (OTME)graduates are exposed to a variety of office competencies, they might become more effective in their jobs. It then appears that the producers of the Office Technology and Management Education (OTME)graduates (institutions) are not quite sure of the exact competencies needed by employers of labour. It was based on the above problem that made the researcher to investigate on the competences required of Office Technology and Management Education (OTME) graduates for Effective Operation of Private Modern Offices in Asaba Urban.

Purpose of the Study

The purpose of the Study is to investigate the competencies required of office technology and management education graduates for effectives operation of private office in Asaba Urban.

Specifically, the study will seek to:

1. identify the word processing competencies required by office technology and management education graduates in private modern office
2. identify the communication competencies required by office technology and management education graduates in a private modern office
3. identify the human/interpersonal relationship competencies required by office technology and management education graduate in private modern offices.

Research Questions

The following research questions are raised to guide the study

1. What are the word processing competencies required by office technology management graduates in private modern offices?
2. What are the communication competencies required by office technology and management education graduate in private modern office?
3. What are the human/interpersonal relationship competencies required by office technology and management education graduate in a private modern office?

Significance of the study

The study would be of immense benefit to Office Technology and Management Education (OTME) students, Office Technology and Management Education (OTME) teachers, private offices, government and the society at large.

To the OTME students, the study will be of immense benefit because it will make them understand all the competences skills required of them on graduation in order to function effectively in modern office, and this will make them to strive to acquire the necessary skills while in school.

To the OTME teachers, the study will also be of immense benefit because after perusing this study they would be able to understand the competent skills required of the students after graduation and with that, teachers will be able to educate the students with all the necessary skills required for them to perform effectively at their various place of work after graduation.

To private officers owners, the study would be of immense benefit because after perusing this study, they would be able to understand the needs of a competent office technology and management Education (OTME) staff and will like to employ staff with those competent skills required to run an organization successfully.

Finally, to the government and the entire society the findings of this study, could be motivation for them to provide the schools with adequate modern technologies required to educate the OTME students, to possess skills needed for self-reliance upon graduation. This in turn would help to reduce unemployment rate in the society.

Scope of the Study

The study focused on the investigation of competencies required of office technology and management education graduates for effective operation of private offices in Asaba Urban.

Pages:  74

Category: Project

Format:  Word & PDF               

Chapters: 1-5                                          

Source: Imsuinfo

Material contains Table of Content, Abstract and References.

Abstract

The study investigates factors affecting the work condition of secretaries in private organizations in Asaba, Oshimili South Local Government Area of Delta State. The study used a descriptive survey. The population comprised of twenty one (21) managers working in aluminum companies in Asaba, Oshimili South Local Government Area of Delta State. There was no sample because those managers were few in number and was manageable. The instrument for data collection was questionnaire which was validated by two lecturers from the school of business education and one manager in Asaba Aluminum Company. The method of data collection was mean statistics to answer the research questions. The findings revealed that, fringe benefits, modern equipment, inadequate facilities and lack of in-service training influence the performance of secretaries in private organization in Asaba, Oshimili South Local Government Area of Delta State. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that management of private companies should always give fringe benefit/incentive to secretaries in other to motivate their performance. 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background to the Study

Organizations, be it public or private, large or small, are set up to achieve specific organizational goals and objectives. These goals and objectives include profit maximization of socio-economic well-being of members (Rubee 2016). He further stated that in recent years, the Nigerian government is showing increasing concern over the performance of her fully owned enterprises.  This current privatization and commercialization of governments owned cooperation is example of this concern for performance.

According to Nwozor (2015) a manager is a person who exercises managerial functions primarily. They should have the power to hire, fire, discipline, do performance appraisals, and monitor attendance. They should also have the power to approve overtime, and authorize vacations. He or she is the boss. The Manager’s duties also include managing employees or a section of the company on a day-to-day basis.

Hornby (2014), stated that the word “secretary” is derived from a latin word “secretaries” meaning something known only to one or few and kept secret or hidden from the views of things. In line with this, Nzenagu (2017) stated that the word “secretary” means an employee engaged in an office that deals with correspondence and keeps records of such organizations. He also makes arrangements and appointments for a particular member of the staff. Nzenagu (2017) furthermore state that secretary is the office worker who combine the major skills of shorthand and typewriting with other competence of filling, reprography and telephone technique in the performance of her duties.

Secretaries are needed in every type of office, be it advertising and public education, law and medicine, manufacturing industries, publishing and schools, insurance and bank etc they also work for politicians, writers and judges (Orah 2016). It is an unarguable fact that the secretary is stronghold of any organization. Many achievements have been made by the management of the workforce of which the secretary is no exception (Nwaokolo 2014).

Performance, on the other hand, denotes the carrying out of a task. It could therefore be said of secretaries been influenced or motivated with some factors for high job performance as the more occurrence of those factors may lead to incredible work in return (Nzenagu, 2017).

Secretaries as organizations members and agent through whom organizations achieve their objectives are very complex in nature.  Basely and Robinson (2014) states that the work of the secretary varies according to the kind of products or service being rendered by the firm in which he is employed.  The size of the organization, the position of the secretary’s employed in the organization, and his employer’s manner or method of work. A secretary is ranked according to his/her level of education or grade.  In the working condition of secretaries or office workers in Nigerian economy, there are many problems and difficulties encountered by all classes of workers and which in olden days were called stenographers, typist etc. are now designated secretarial, Assistants  I, II,  III and IV.

Problems ranging from the environment, public relations, accommodations, transport, the boss, salary and state governments are at presents raced with the problem of running result through efficient combination of resources at their disposal. These resources are man, machines, materials and money of these, man is regarded as the most important because he controls all other resources.  The failure of the enterprises can therefore be traced to a failure in the managements of the humans resources in the enterprises (Robinson, 2015).

Afom (2017) stated that the success or failure of every organization depends on the performance of the secretary because the secretary is seen, as the household of every organization that oversees the in and out flow of every activities in the organization. On this note, if the secretary is unable to manage or keep accurate record of activities in the organization it could cause failure in the organization but the process whereby the secretary is able to put things in other in the organization at the absence of his/her boss, and take accurate minute in the meeting, it can help in the improvement/success of the organization.

Any organization that wishes to succeed in achieving it aims and objectives has to maintain a good working condition so as to achieve its goals. This is so because of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors, the intrinsic factor is the incentives attached to one’s job that is what influence the secretary within the job, and this include achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility promotion and possibility for personal growth, while extrinsic are the environmental condition attached to one’s work element that contribute or motivate the secretary e.g interpersonal relationship with colleagues and subordinates (Ade 2017).

It was based on the above facts that made Mbadugha (2018) to state that the performance of secretarial careers cannot be overemphasized in an organization because qualified secretary plays a very vital role in growing any organization. So therefore the performance of secretaries is being influence if the necessary equipment needed is being provided by the boss or the conducive environment of work place and also when the secretary is being motivated with some intrinsic benefit or praises, when all these measures are put in place it is certain that the secretary will perform better in other to impress his/her boss.

Despite the important role of secretaries in every organization, there are certain factors which affect secretaries while on job and these factors positively or negatively affect their performances in the organization where they belong to. It sometimes determines their longevity in the organisation. Some of these factors are technological factors, poor language structure, sociological factors environment factors, and economic factors. Presently, the need for exposing secretaries to the use of modern office equipment has risen due to challenges they face in the modern word. The effect of language structure that secretaries in institute of management and Technology received during training cannot be over emphasized as in labour market and available jobs are meant for those who have good command use of word or good spoken English.

Statement of the Problem

The importance of secretaries cannot be underestimated in an organization because there are seen as the bedrock of every organization. Despite the importance of secretary in an organization, some secretaries failed to avail themselves of the opportunities given to them.  This has created a gap between most executives and their secretaries because most executive fail to motivate their workers and this makes them not to discharge their duties diligently while other workers that are motivated perform better in discharging of their duties.

Most of the factors that affect the performance of secretaries career are  technological factors, poor language structure, sociological factors environmental factors, and economic factors, fringe benefits, inadequate modern machines, environmental factor, lack of training and poor relationship with others. Also, the inability of employers in modern business organizations to remunerate and motivate their secretaries accurately in line with exportations of the present changing work environments is another pain or problem. This has led to low morale, poor standard of living, lateness and absenteeism on the part of the secretary.

The working condition of any organization plays an important role on the workers because the productivity of an organization depends mainly on them, lack of good working condition in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic values can lead to a great decline in productivity. It has been observed that many organizations fail to realize the importance of good working condition and this is seriously affecting their employees particularly, the realization of this fact that brought the researcher to investigate the factor affecting the work condition of secretaries in private organization in Asaba, Delta State.

Purpose of the Study

The broad purpose of this study is to examine the factors affecting the work condition of secretaries in private organization in Asaba, Delta State.

The specific objectives are:

1. To find out whether fringe benefit influence the performance of secretaries in private organizations in Asaba
2. To find out how modern equipment can influence the performance of secretaries in private organizations in Asaba.
3. To find out how inadequate facilities can influence the performance of secretaries in private organizations in Asaba.
4. To find out how in-service training can affect the performance of secretaries in private organizations in Asaba.

Research Questions

1. What are does fringe benefit that can influence the performance of secretaries in private organizations in Asaba?
2. What are does modern equipment that can influence the performance of secretaries in private organizations in Asaba?
3. How does inadequate facility influence the performance of secretaries in private organizations in Asaba?
4. How does in-service training affect the performance of secretaries in private organizations in Asaba?

Significance of the Study

The result of the study should be of great benefit to the teachers, educational administrators, the parents, the government, the society and educational researchers.

This study could be of immense benefit to the teachers because after going through this study, they will be able to understand the important of secretary in any organization and their job performance which will encourage the teacher to improve in their teaching skills in classroom in other to help the students understand every basic thing he/she taught in the classroom because it help them later in future become a good and productive employee in any organization.

This study could also be of great important to the educational administrators because it will enable them after perusing this study understand the function of secretary in an office and having known the function, the educational administrator will ensure all the necessary materials and techniques that will be appropriate to enhance easy flow for educating would-be-secretaries.

The study could help the parents to also understand the need of a secretaries and its job performance in an organization and provide everything needed by their children/ward in other to be successful in life. Study will also help the government to know the relevance of secretaries and provide a skill acquisition programme to help eradicate poverty and employment in the country.

Finally, the finding of the study could serve as a source of literature for future educational researchers in related field of study.

 Scope of the Study

This research study was delimited to private organizations in Asaba Delta State. Based on the study, it was restricted to determine the impact of fringe benefit on the performance of secretaries in an organization, modern equipment influence on performance of secretaries in private organization, inadequate facility influence on the performance of secretaries in private organization and how lack of in-service training affect the performance of secretaries in an organization. Managers of private organizations are the respondents of the study.

Pages:  68

Category: Project

Format:  Word & PDF               

Chapters: 1-5                                          

Source: Imsuinfo

Material contains Table of Content, Abstract and References.

Abstract

 The study investigated impact of utilization of New Technology on performance of OTME students in Federal College of education (Technical)  Asaba, Delta State. To achieve the essence, the study was divided into five chapters. Four research questions were raise and answered in the study, related literature were reviewed in the study.  The study used a descriptive survey. The population comprised of fifty-seven (57) lecturers in school of Business Education in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba, Delta State, sample of the study consisted of fifty seven (57) lecturers in school of business education, Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba, Delta State. The instrument for data collection was questionnaire which was validated by the supervisor and tow lecturers in school of Business Education. The method of data collection was mean statistics to answer the research questions. The findings revealed that, utilization of computer, availability of computer, level of ICT competence of OTM lecturer’s and level of ICT competence of students influence the teaching of OTM student in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba, Delta State.  Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that OTME Lecturers should utilized the New Technologies provided to facilitate learning in OTME students, government should supply needed ICT facilities to enhance the teaching of business studies, and government should provide a suitable programme for student to acquire ICT knowledge

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

 Background to the Study

Office technology and management education (OTME) is seen as one of the core courses studied under the department of business education in any tertiary institution or universities. Business education is a component of vocational technical education programme that prepare an individual for career in business and also to be an intelligent consumer of economic goods and services. Business education provides students with the needed competencies, skills, knowledge, understanding and attitudes to perform as workers in industries, civil service and also as proprietors of business. Business education is work-focused, skill-based, result oriented and technology-based (Ugwoke, 2016).

According to the American Vocational Association (AVA) in Olaitan  (2015) business education is a programme of instruction which consists of two parts: Office Education; a vocational education programme for office careers through initial, refresher and upgrading education leading to employability and advancement in office occupation, as well as General Business Education; a programme to provide students with information and competencies which are needed by all in managing personal and business affairs and in using the services of the business world. For Business Education programmes to remain relevant in providing the needs of individuals and that of the society; they must embrace current trends (new technologies) in the academic and economic demands of the society.

Tertiary institutions, also known as higher education in Nigeria is that level of educational institution that provides education to individuals after post-primary or secondary education. Thus, tertiary business education course delivery is offered in Universities, Colleges of different disciplines, Polytechnics and monotechnics or special colleges. Some of these tertiary institutions run different curriculum in business education related courses. In the colleges of education business education is offered under the two options; accounting education and Office Technology and Management (OTM). In the polytechnic, business education is offered as Office Technology and Management (OTM). While in the universities, business education options offered however indicate the diversity of operation in different universities that offers business education (Koko, 2015).

According to (Okorie, 2014) stated that for tertiary institutions in Nigeria that offered business education programme to deliver on their mandates, the quality of the training given to individuals passing through a course or the other should be such that can give adequate skills and information needed in the real world sense. If business education should serve this purpose of providing the needs of the learners and the society, there should be continuous review in its curriculum in order to ensure that the quality of education provided is in line with societal demands. This review of the curriculum will be to integrate new technologies that can help in passing the desired and required skills to the learner to make him/her employable and as well relevant in the ever-changing business environment.

Technology, according to Nwoji (2017), could be defined as the application of the scientific method to solving problems in our daily life. Put in the perspective of business education, however, technology is the application of scientific method to solving problems regarding impartation of skills to learners to meet the changing needs and demands of the society. In business education, there existed technology in a crude form but there has been a dramatic and significant change in the methods used by Business education to address the changing needs of the society.

According to Moreno (2017), technology is a many-faceted phenomena in materials created and advanced by man to free himself from endearment by nature, but which, when undisciplined, enslaves its own creator. By this definition, technology helps to advance man’s course in his environment but moderation and control should be exercised to direct its use to solving problems of man, if not, may be misleading in itself.

The technological changes in business education are basically from Information and Communication Technology (ICT) perspective. The society generally is ICT-driven and in order to keep abreast of this change, there must be a restructuring in the knowledge and skills given to learners/students in business education. Electronic Office (e-office) is one of the phenomena of the 21st century which is a paperless office approach in which every office work is done with the use of computer. It is based on this that most Business Education departments in Nigeria’s tertiary institutions are building ICT Centres, improved computer laboratories as well as offering professional courses in computer studies to produce students/graduates that can easily adapt in their ever-changing business environment. The use of typewriter is almost going into extinct as the computer is fast taking over (Okwuanaso 2016).

New technologies in business education are designed to prepare students for a variety of careers in high-tech business offices. It is not easy to develop taxonomy of new technologies in business education because of their diversity and evolution in structures and functions (Moreno 2017). New technologies have been typologies differently by various authors. According to McLoughlin and Clark (2017), they may be classified into process and product technologies. According to Mazda’s (2014), there are core and application technologies. To Haag, Cummings and McCubbrey (2014), new technologies are grouped into four categories, namely, new technologies for all the senses, new technologies for internet explosion, new technologies for the wireless revolution, and new technologies for personal use.

No doubt, the emergence of new technologies such as the computer, word processor, the internet, automated teller machines, reprographic machines, micrographic machines, accounting machines, modern telephonic systems including handset and multimedia, among others, have not only revolutionized the office environment but have also brought changes in the ways people are doing things. The computer is one of the most visible of the new technologies (McCubbrey 2014).

Information and communication technology (ICT) refers to the whole range of technologies involved in information processing and electronic communication. It is an umbrella term that includes any communication device or application, encompassing, radio, television, cellular phone, computer and network hardware and software, satellite system among others. These gadgets contribute to organization, processing, communication, assessing, storing, retrieving and simplifying information when needed and in their form needed. ICT centered education covers the use of computers, online self learning packages, interactive CDs, satellites, radio, tele-presence system, optical fiber technologies and all types of information technology hardware and software (Onasanya, Shehu, Ofunlade  & Adefuye, 2011).

The objective of OTM programme include among others; equipping the students with the knowledge competencies and special skills that will enable them to successfully hold position as secretaries, managers and administrative assistants in both public and private sectors of the economy, exposing student to industrial experience thereby affording them the opportunity to practice their skills developing students’ potentials for further academic and professional pursuit, developing in the students an occupational intelligence that will make them versatile and adaptable to the changing situation in the world of work (NBTE,2006).

In a bid to attain the above objective, several strategies and resources which range from human to material including audio-visual medial communication, computer and networking material resources which are intended for effective instruction in the discipline. Effective instruction here implies availability of ICT instructional materials and utilization of the ICT instructional material on application area such as word processing, excel, desktop publishing, e-mail presentation software, video conferencing, teleconferencing, multimedia message services among others. Each of these application programme has a particular skill, knowledge and experiences that a teacher is required to impact to the learner at the course of teaching and learning. For example, at the course of teaching word processing, college of education OTM lecturers exposes the learner on how to load or open a word processor, use of input devices to enter, edit accurately, open, copy, save, paste, cut, delete, create and print documents, application of borders and shading, bullet an numbering, paragraphing, font size, font color, undo, redo, table work, etc (Okwuanaso 2016).

Excel application in office technology and management programme according to Robert (2014) features calculation, graphic tools, pivot tables. In teaching of excel application, college OTM lecturers expose the learner to practical skills on how to open excel application, create chart and tables.

Office technology and management courses are courses that an individual undertakes in order to be able to work as a secretary, office manager, computer operator and even as an administrative office. He or she will take up the responsibility of writing, receiving, recording arranging meetings, typing of correspondences and other business affairs of the society or other organization (Horny, 2015).

Accounting using Microsoft Excel application in the calculation, adding and subtraction of financial income and expenditure of any association and eventually balancing the account accurately. Data base management has to do with file management and record keeping, saving vital information, formatting, and retrieving such information rapidly when necessary in an electronic form. Hence if a teacher is able to utilize the above mentioned new technologies in facilitating the performance of office and technology management students it will be helpful to the students in feature to become useful in society in which their live and it is based on this premise that made the researcher to focused on the impact of utilization of new technology on the performance of OTME students in Federal college of education (Technical) Asaba, Delta State.

Statement of Problem

Due to the various functions of office services, computer devices are becoming essential in modern organization. For this reasons, it is important to introduce computer in the teaching and training of OTM students to assist and help them to meet up with the challenges in the world of work. It is important that schools adapt to the use of computer in the teaching and learning of office technology and management skills such as desktop publishing, database management, ICT application, excel etc. science has proven that the utilization of new technology in teaching students has help increase their performance academic, but unfortunately, most schools are still having some challenges for the appropriate utilization of new technology in teaching OTME student and those challenges includes; lack necessary facilities, lack of laboratories lack of finance, lack of electricity especially in Nigeria, most teachers/lecturers are not computer literate and unavailability skillful personnel that can operate the new technologies etc. Therefore, this makes the utilization of new technologies impossible.

Based on the above statement, this research work sought to investigates the impact of utilization of new technologies on the performance of OTM Students in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba, Delta State, so as to draw a suitable conclusion on the assessment of computer skills and its utilization in the study of OTM.

Purpose of the Study

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of utilization of new technologies on the performance of OTME students in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba, Delta State.

Specifically, the study sought to:

1. determine the utilization of computer in teaching OTM students in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba, Delta State.
2. determine the availability of computer for the teaching and learning of OTM students in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba, Delta State.
3. determine the level of ICT competence of OTM lecturer’s in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba, Delta State.
4. determine the level of ICT competence of OTM students in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba, Delta State.

 Research Question

The following research questions were raised to guide the study

1. To what extent does the utilization of computer influence the teaching of OTM students in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba, Delta State?
2. To what extent does the availability of computer influence the teaching and learning of OTM students in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba, Delta State?
3. To what extent does the level of ICT competence of OTM lecturer’s affect OTM student in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba, Delta State?
4. To what extent does the level of ICT competence of OT M students affect their performance in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba, Delta State?

 Significance of the study

The findings of the study could be beneficial to practicing secretaries, OTM lecturers and students, College academic boards and National Commission for Colleges of Education (NCCE).

This study could be relevant to practicing secretaries as the findings and recommendation of the study revealed the computer-based competencies which secretaries need for effective performance in office. This could enable secretaries who are not ICT compliant to seek retraining course so as to enable them cope with the challenges of their job.

This study could be of great benefit to Office Technology and Management lecturers and students because it could enable them to be aware of the technological development in the electronic office and the need to update their knowledge, skills and competencies in order to keep abreast of such technological development. They could also see the need to interact with each other and share information and ideas that will help them.

The findings of this study could enable college academic boards to keep abreast of the technological development in office and office education, by identifying those computer based skills that are needed by secretaries for effective work performance in modern office. This could enable them to appreciate the need to formulate policies and provide relevant ICT facilities needed to train secretaries that will meet the challenge of office technology.

National Commission for Colleges of Education (NCCE) would benefit from this study because the technological trend in OTM functions. This will enable them to develop a well thought out curriculum and regularly review same in the light of technological trends in the office for competent training of secretaries that could fit properly into office of any organization and perform professionally the role of secretary.

Scope of the Study

This research study was limited to Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba, Delta State. Based on the study it restricted to determine the impact of utilization of new technologies on the performance of OTM students, extent to which utilization of computer influence the teaching of OTM students, extent to which availability of computer influence the teaching and learning of OTM students and extent to which the level of ICT competence of OTM lecturers affect OTM students.

Pages:  73

Category: Project

Format:  Word & PDF               

Chapters: 1-5                                          

Source: Imsuinfo

Material contains Table of Content, Abstract and References.

ABSTRACT

This study examined business inventory management skills required of workers in the face of Covid-19 for effective management of small scale businesses in Asaba.  A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised of six hundred (600) small-scale business owners in Asaba, Delta State while the sample of the study was sixty (60) small-scale business owners in Asaba, Delta State drawn through simple random sampling technique. The instrument used for data collection is a structured questionnaire, which was structured by the researcher and face validated by two experts, one in Business Education and one in Educational Measurement and Evaluation Departments of Federal College of Education (T) Asaba. Sixty (60) copies of the validated instrument was administered to the small scale business owners by the researcher with the help of 2 research assistants and 56 were retrieved and analyzed using mean statistics. They study found that business inventory management skill required of workers in the face of Covid-19 for effective management of small scale businesses in Asaba are sales report, physical relocation and database count. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that business organizations should organize seminars and workshops to educate workers on the business inventory skills they require to effective manage their businesses and workers should be encouraged to take advantage of online platforms to equip themselves with the relevant skills.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background to the Study

In the history of the world, infectious diseases have wreaked havoc among countries. The continuous and emerging global convergence has also influenced the speed of the spread of these infectious diseases. According to the World Health Organisation (2020), the world has witnessed emergence of several disease outbreaks and epidemics caused by more than 20 infectious agents over the past decade. The emergence of coronavirus-associated diseases (SARS and MERS) inflicted global challenges to public health systems. SARS-  CoV-2 (the causative agent for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is the latest addition to this expanding list of novel agents. WHO declared COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern on 30 January 2020 and a pandemic on 11^th March, 2020. It is noted that this corona-virus has affected many individual in their various place of works and small scales workers are not left out because the countries has been on lock-down for almost one year and this made most small scale business owners to spend their capital and cannot continue with the business anymore.

However, it will be important to understand the basic concept of business.  business is any activity performed or service rendered which provide goods or services to satisfy human needs and desires Olatunji (2015) asserted that it  should be noted that any business activity must be legal and must bring a reward  or profit. The goods and services provided in any business activity must result in the provision of tangible or intangible goods. Tangible goods are products you can see physically “or hold e.g biro, shoes, dresses etc while intangible goods are what cannot be seen or touch, it involves service rendered by teachers, doctors, engineer, etc. While management is an art of getting work done through people. Ezeanyanwu (2015) defined management as the process undertaken by one or more individuals to co-ordinate the activities others and achieve results not achievable by one individual acting alone. Obed (2016) stated that all modern managers essentially face managerial tasks: managing work and organizations, managing people and managing production and operations. No matter what an organization or business engages in, its managers face these three tasks. Thus, managing is more than solving behavioural problems. It is more than solving technical problems; it is more than managing individual works; it is more than planning a department’s future. Obayi (2011), observed that to manage, entails organizing the establishment and seeing that the different people employed by it perform their various functions, so that the main objectives of the establishment may be realized.

Nwafor (2015) stated that inventory is the goods that a company handles with the intention of selling. It might be raw materials that the company buy and turn into something entirely new, or it might be a bulk product that the company break down into its constituent parts and sell separately. It could even be something completely intangible: software, for instance. The author went  further that stated the business inventory management skills as follows inventory  sales reports, physical relocation of inventory, physical and inventory database  counts among others.

According to Breuer (2016), inventory includes all types of stocks. For effective working capital management, inventory needs to be managed effectively. Agara (2015) defined inventory (stock) as the physical units of goods that a business trades on or manufactures for sale. For effective management of inventory, the level of inventory should be such that the total cost of ordering and holding inventory is the least.

Therefore, a small business is any business that is owned, managed and controlled by one-man or partners of about two persons with total assets of fifty million naira, and a relatively small share of the market and does not have more than fifty employees. Therefore, for business education graduates to efficiently    manage small businesses, they must learn and develop inventory managerial  skills  aside their basic knowledge of study (Mugo, 2014).  The emergence of COVID-19 pandemic brought about changes worldwide including Nigeria. The changes are summarised as: increased sickness, death, poverty, effect on health, food production, security, money supply, reduced inflow of foreign exchange resulting from lack of export and import of goods and services except for essential products, lack of patronage  resulting from restrictions in movement and access, changes in mode of  business operation from physical contact to online and many others. The SMEs suffered and are still being affected by the emergence of the pandemic since year 2020. Patronage and cashflow of the SMEs evaluated was seriously impacted by the novel virus plaguing the world economy. This experience triggered negative survival, excitement and sentiment on the continuous infection of this pandemic. Businesses have collapsed and many more are on the verge of extinction due to prevalence of COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, most SMEs with insufficient capital outlay went into economic shock and it is highly unlikely to recover from this shock in the short run.

The various hardship caused by this novel virus informed many countries in the world to enforce containment measures which led to the restrictions on  movements nationally and internationally, total lock down and closure of  business activities, border to border movement restrictions among others.  As SMEs are vital to economic growth and also contribute to the development of the world economy generally and specifically in developing economies, the  SMEs play major role in economic development as employers of  labour. Ajieefun (2013) summarised that. the SMEs in Nigeria play pivotal role in the economic development resulting from their capacity to stimulate welfare of the people, reduction of unemployment  and productivity.

Austin (2017) earlier noted that pandemics pose negative impacts on economic performance, through poor health. The prevalence of COVID-19 has instigated various researches in economics, health, environment, manufacturing, agriculture and many more. It is expected that these research work will postulate possible coping strategies or mechanisms and guidelines that will mitigate  against future effect of pandemic on SMEs and world economy. The effects of pandemics to terrorist attack, which inhibit trade  and business activities within affected areas, and has the capacity to lower  productivity. Goodell (2020) indicated that the pandemic has posed the greatest impact on stock markets around the globe, and has caused worst economic meltdown since the 2008 global financial crisis. In recent times, Goodell (2020) agrees that natural disasters and terrorist attacks are similar to the effects of COVID-19 on economic performance. because it inhibits trade and production within places affected. Aderemi (2020) attests to this, noting that the emergence of COVID-19 has created panic in the financial system, causing high volatility in several markets. Aderemi (2020) affirms by stressing that many financial and non-financial firms across the globe have been adversely affected by the  COVID-19 pandemic, as stock returns are trending downwards these  days. Busari and Jaiyeoba (2021) noted that even if the pandemic is resolved, its  effects on business and economic performance will linger in the short run. It is against this background that it becomes imperative for the researcher determine  the business inventory management skills required of workers in the face of  COVID-19 for effective management of small scale businesses in Asaba.

Statement of the Problem 

The importance of business inventory management skills cannot be underestimated in business education students because business education students are seen as the bedrock of every organization and they are to possess the required business inventory management skills within an organization they found themselves after graduation. The acquisition of this business inventory management skills by business education students is also important to them because with the knowledge, they can establish a small scale business for themselves while in school and after graduation. Despite the importance of these business inventory management skills to business education students, some students failed to avail themselves from acquiring these skills which made them not to effectively manage a small scale business after graduation.

It is against this background that arouse the researcher to investigate on business inventory. management skills required of workers in the face of COVID-19 for effective management of small scale business in Asaba.

Purpose of the Study 

The broad purpose of this study is to examine the business inventory management skills required of workers in the face of COVID-19 for effective management of small scale businesses in Asaba.   The specific objectives are:

1. To find out inventory sales report skills required of workers in the face of COVID-19 for effective management of small scale business.
2. To find out physical relocation of inventory skills required of workers in the face of COVID-19 for effective management of small scale business.
3. To find out inventory database counts skills required of workers in the face of COVID-19 for effective management of small scale business.

Research Questions

In order to attain the objectives of this study, the following research  questions were formulated for the study:

1. What are the inventories sales report skills required of workers in the face of COVID-19 for effective management of small scale business?
2. What is the physical relocation of inventory skills required of workers in the face of COVID-19 for effective management of small scale business?
3. What is the inventory database counts required of workers in the face of COVID-19 for effective management of small scale business?

Significance of the Study 

This study could be of immense benefit to business education students, small scale business owners/entrepreneurs, curriculum planners, society at large and other researchers.  This study could be of immense benefit to business education students  because it could enable them understand the basic skill required to learn  entrepreneurship while in school that could make them function properly after   graduation and become good entrepreneurs with a difference that will make  them perform better than others in the society without entrepreneurial skill.  This study could also be of importance to business owners/entrepreneurs because the finding could provide data that would make them to become more productive and creating high value of knowledge on the areas of economy and equally ascertain those entrepreneurial skill sucked in a chosen business. Curriculum planners and developers could equally benefit as it will help them to know the necessary facilities needed to put in place in other to enhance the productive and entrepreneurial skills of business education students so that they can become self-employed immediately after graduation.

Educational institution of higher learning would also benefit in that, it would provoke the convening of academic discussions, conferences, workshops and seminars targeted revising the curricula for the production of business  education graduates that would be competent in creating and managing their  own business.

Moreso, the study will be of immense benefit to the society at large because it will help to reduce poverty, hunger, unemployment etc. because the  knowledge of business education will help the graduate to be self employed and  also be an employer of labour.

Finally the study will be of immense benefit to other researchers because it will acquit them with the background on business inventory management skills required of business education students for effective management of small  scale business so that they can concentrate on modifying the topic instead  writing a new one.

Scope of the Study

This research study was delimited to small scale business in Asaba. Based on the study, it was restricted to determine the inventories sales report skills required by business education students for effective management of small scale business, physical relocation of inventory skills required of business education students for effective management of small scale business and inventory database counts required of workers in the face of COVID-19 for effective management of small scale business.

Pages:  50

Category: Project

Format:  Word & PDF               

Chapters: 1-5                                          

Source: Imsuinfo

Material contains Table of Content, Abstract and References.